Plants And Their Interaction To Environmental Pollution
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Plants and their Interaction to Environmental Pollution
- Author : Azamal Husen
- Publisher : Elsevier
- Release Date : 2022-11-18
- Total pages : 470
- ISBN : 9780323983099
- File Size : 47,6 Mb
- Total Download : 536
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Environmental pollution as a consequence of diverse human activities has become a global concern. Urbanization, mining, industrial revolution, burning of fossil fuels/firewood and poor agricultural practices, in addition to improper dumping of waste products, are largely responsible for the undesirable change in the environment composition. Environmental pollution is mainly classified as air pollution, water pollution, land pollution, noise pollution, thermal pollution, light pollution, and plastic pollution. Nowadays, it has been realized that with the increasing environmental pollution, impurities may accumulate in plants, which are required for basic human uses such as for food, clothing, medicine, and so on. Environmental pollution has tremendous impacts on phenological events, structural patterns, physiological phenomena, biochemical status, and the cellular and molecular features of plants. Exposure to environmental pollution induces acute or chronic injury depending on the pollutant concentration, exposure duration, season and plant species. Moreover, the global rise of greenhouse gases such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxides, methane, chlorofluorocarbons and ozone in the atmosphere is among the major threats to the biodiversity. They have also shown visible impacts on life cycles and distribution of various plant species. Anthropogenic activities, including the fossil-fuel combustion in particular, are responsible for steady increases in the atmospheric greenhouse gases concentrations. This phenomenon accelerates the global heating. Studies have suggested that the changes in carbon dioxide concentrations, rainfall and temperature have greatly influenced the plant physiological and metabolic activities including the formation of biologically active ingredients. Taken together, plants interact with pollutants, and cause adverse ecological and economic outcomes. Therefore, plant response to pollutants requires more investigation in terms of damage detection, adaptation, tolerance, and the physiological and molecular responses. The complex interplay among other emerging pollutants, namely, radioisotopes, cell-phone radiation, nanoparticles, nanocomposites, heavy metals etc. and their impact on plant adaptation strategies, and possibility to recover, mitigation, phytoremediation, etc., also needs to be explored. Further, it is necessary to elucidate better the process of the pollutant’s uptake by plant and accumulation in the food chain, and the plant resistance capability against the various kinds of environmental pollutants. In this context, the identification of tolerance mechanisms in plants against pollutants can help in developing eco-friendly technologies, which requires molecular approaches to increase plant tolerance to pollutants, such as plant transformation and genetic modifications. Pollutant-induced overproduction of reactive oxygen species that cause DNA damage and apoptosis-related alterations, has also been examined. They also trigger changes at the levels of transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome, which has been discussed in this book.
Responses of Plants to Air Pollution
- Author : J.B. Mudd
- Publisher : Elsevier
- Release Date : 2012-12-02
- Total pages : 398
- ISBN : 9780323152266
- File Size : 48,9 Mb
- Total Download : 465
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Responses of Plants to Air Pollution examines the effects of air pollutants, individually and synergistically, on both higher and lower plants. The subject matter overlaps into a wide range of disciplines including agronomy, plant anatomy, biochemistry, cryptogamic botany, ecology, entomology, forestry, horticulture, landscape architecture, meteorology, microscopy, plant pathology, plant physiology, and soil science. The opening chapter presents an overview of sources of air pollution, costs of air pollution, and mechanisms of pollution injury to plants. Separate chapters on sulfur dioxide, ozone, fluorides, peroxyacyl nitrates, oxides of nitrogen, and particulates follow. Subsequent chapters are devoted to plant responses to combinations of pollutants; to effects of pollutants on plant ultrastructure, on forests, and on lichens and bryophytes; to interactions of pollutants with canopies of vegetation; to interactions of pollutants and plant diseases; and to interactions of pollutants with agricultural practices. This book will be useful to scientists in many disciplines as well as those who share the concern that clean air can no longer be expected to be the normal environment for plants or animals. The book will also be a valuable a reference work or text for upper level undergraduate students, graduate students, researchers, and growers of plants.
Air Pollution and Plant Life
- Author : M. Treshow
- Publisher : Unknown
- Release Date : 1984-04-12
- Total pages : 508
- ISBN : UCSD:31822000477216
- File Size : 14,8 Mb
- Total Download : 480
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Examines all aspects of the interaction of plants with air pollutants. Synopsizes pollutant sources, their dispersion and transport, and their role in acid rain. Discusses methods to monitor and diagnose their effects. Examines how pollutants affect plants at the metabolic and cellular level, and how the organism and plant community responds. Includes discussion of the role of trace element toxicity, the uptake of pollutants, and the control of atmospheric pollution.
Environmental Pollution and Plant Responses
- Author : Shashi Bhushan Agrawal
- Publisher : Taylor & Francis
- Release Date : 2023-01-30
- Total pages : 0
- ISBN : 9781351450287
- File Size : 12,8 Mb
- Total Download : 357
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Comprehensive and global in scope, Environmental Pollution and Plant Responses provides an analysis of the research on the factors contributing to the deteriorating environmental quality and its effect on plant performance. The issues include: environmental pollution and global climate change, response patterns of plants at different levels, mechanisms of interaction, tolerance strategies and future research prospects. The author evaluates trends and gives management strategies for abating the problem. This volume highlights the complexities of environmental problems and the affect of pollution on every level of the ecosystem.
Environmental Pollution and Medicinal Plants
- Author : Azamal Husen
- Publisher : CRC Press
- Release Date : 2022-05-04
- Total pages : 282
- ISBN : 9781000570632
- File Size : 24,8 Mb
- Total Download : 814
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Environmental Pollution and Medicinal Plants presents information on the impact of environmental pollution on the performance of medicinal plants at various levels including damage detection, adaptation, tolerance, and physiological and molecular responses. This title draws attention not only to seeking new bioactive compounds for herbal drug preparation, but also on ensuring high standards of quality through evaluation of the chemical purity of medicinal plants growing under polluted conditions. It discusses the latest trends and responses of medicinal plants, indicating their tolerance and adaptation to environmental pollution. This book also focuses on secondary metabolites, phytochemicals, and bioactive compounds associated with medicinal plants growing in contaminated conditions. This book will be indispensable for students and professionals working in the field of environmental pollution, medicinal plants, and herbal medicine, as well as for plant biologists, economic botanists, molecular biologists, and biotechnologists. . KEY FEATURES Explains the global trend of environmental pollution and its impact on medicinal herbs with the help of clear text and attractive illustrations. Provides a comprehensive overview of medicinal plants and their interaction with environmental pollution in terms of damage detection, repair, acclimation, tolerance, adaptation, and physiological responses. Discusses the production of secondary metabolites, phytochemicals, and bioactive compounds (used for herbal drug preparation) in medicinal plants growing in the vicinity of contamination and pollution load. Highlights opportunities and future challenges in "omics" studies on medicinal plants.
Phytoremediation of Environmental Pollutants
- Author : Ram Chandra,N.K. Dubey,Vineet Kumar
- Publisher : CRC Press
- Release Date : 2017-12-14
- Total pages : 823
- ISBN : 9781351665629
- File Size : 53,6 Mb
- Total Download : 573
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Phytoremediation aids to augment bioremediation as it uses broad range plants to remediate soil, sediment, surface water and ground water that have been contaminated with toxic metals, organic, pesticides and radionuclides. This book serves to disseminate detailed up to date knowledge regarding the various aspects of phytoremediation and plant-microbe interaction. The book highlights process and molecular mechanisms for industrial waste detoxification during phytoremediation in wetland plants, role of endophytic bacteria for phytoremediation of environmental pollutants, constructed wetland treatment system for treatment and recycling of hazardous wastewater, amongst other relevant topics. Key Features: Focuses on phytoremediation process for different pollutants, mainly heavy metal detoxification in the presence of other co-pollutants. Includes plant-soil-microbe interactions in phytoremediations and remediation of contaminated water. Explores life cycle assessment of industrial waste contaminated site with organic pollutants. Discusses hyperaccumulator versus non-hyperaccumulator plants for environmental waste management. Includes bacterial assisted phytoremediation and siderophore formation in specific environmental conditions.
Environmental Pollution and Plant Responses
- Author : Madhoolika Agrawal
- Publisher : Unknown
- Release Date : 1999
- Total pages : 0
- ISBN : 0203756932
- File Size : 42,9 Mb
- Total Download : 242
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Comprehensive and global in scope, Environmental Pollution and Plant Responses provides an analysis of the research on the factors contributing to the deteriorating environmental quality and its effect on plant performance. The issues include: environmental pollution and global climate change, response patterns of plants at different levels, mechanisms of interaction, tolerance strategies and future research prospects. The author evaluates trends and gives management strategies for abating the problem. This volume highlights the complexities of environmental problems and the affect of pollution on every level of the ecosystem.
Plant Responses to Air Pollution and Global Change
- Author : Kenji Omasa,Isamu Nouchi,Luit J. De Kok
- Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
- Release Date : 2007-02-26
- Total pages : 300
- ISBN : 9784431310143
- File Size : 25,8 Mb
- Total Download : 748
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This book reviews current topics on plant metabolism of air pollutants and elevated CO2, responses of whole plants and plant ecosystems, genetics and molecular biology for functioning improvement, experimental ecosystems and climate change research, global carbon-cycle monitoring in plant ecosystems, and other important issues. The authors, conducting research in Europe, the United States, Australia, and East Asia, present a wealth of information on their work in the field.
Air Pollutants and the Leaf Cuticle
- Author : Kevin E. Percy,J. Neil Cape,Richard Jagels,Caroline J. Simpson
- Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
- Release Date : 2013-06-29
- Total pages : 396
- ISBN : 9783642790812
- File Size : 30,9 Mb
- Total Download : 899
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Plant leaves are covered by a thin, lipoidal, non-living membrane called the cuticle. Forming the interface between plants and the atmospheric environment, it presents an effective barrier to pollutant entry. The book provides a comprehensive review of air pollutant effects on the cuticle and covers the following thematic areas: - Cuticular physicochemical characteristics, physiological, regulatory, and protective roles. - Effects, mechanisms, and consequences of air pollutant interaction with leaf cuticles. - Non-anthropogenic and environmental influences on the cuticle and potential of the cuticle for biomonitoring and critical levels mapping. - New developments in experimental methodology and analytical techniques.
Plant Response to Air Pollution
- Author : Mohammed Yunus,Mohammed Iqbal
- Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
- Release Date : 1996-09-10
- Total pages : 572
- ISBN : UOM:39015037847806
- File Size : 41,7 Mb
- Total Download : 205
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Air pollution poses a serious threat to human health and the environment worldwide. It contributes significantly to regional and global atmospheric issues such as global warming, acidification and depletion of the ozone layer. It affects every living thing, including all kinds of vegetation on which we depend for our survival. Although several works have appeared on air pollution, few, are able to provide the broad background that encompasses the whole gamut of plant responses to atmospheric insult. This multi-authored work integrates the varied plant growth responses to the pollution stress; the focus of the attention is plant rather than pollutant. This portrays a clearer picture of plant performance versus air pollution, and helps develop a better insight of the pollution-based disturbances at the different levels of plant life. The book shall interest both students and researchers of environmental botany and forestry as well as all those who love plants and have any interest towards global vegetation and environmental health.
Plant Life under Changing Environment
- Author : Durgesh Kumar Tripathi,Vijay Pratap Singh,Devendra Kumar Chauhan,Shivesh Sharma,Sheo Mohan Prasad,Nawal Kishore Dubey,Naleeni Ramawat
- Publisher : Academic Press
- Release Date : 2020-04-10
- Total pages : 1012
- ISBN : 9780128182055
- File Size : 28,5 Mb
- Total Download : 647
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Plant Life under Changing Environment: Responses and Management presents the latest insights, reflecting the significant progress that has been made in understanding plant responses to various changing environmental impacts, as well as strategies for alleviating their adverse effects, including abiotic stresses. Growing from a focus on plants and their ability to respond, adapt, and survive, Plant Life under Changing Environment: Responses and Management addresses options for mitigating those responses to ensure maximum health and growth. Researchers and advanced students in environmental sciences, plant ecophysiology, biochemistry, molecular biology, nano-pollution climate change, and soil pollution will find this an important foundational resource. Covers both responses and adaptation of plants to altered environmental states Illustrates the current impact of climate change on plant productivity, along with mitigation strategies Includes transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic and ionomic approaches
Phytoremediation
- Author : Rouf Ahmad Bhat,Fernanda Maria Policarpo Tonelli,Gowhar Hamid Dar,Khalid Hakeem
- Publisher : Academic Press
- Release Date : 2021-10-04
- Total pages : 540
- ISBN : 9780323885966
- File Size : 38,8 Mb
- Total Download : 777
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Phytoremediation: Biotechnological Strategies for Promoting Invigorating Environs focuses on phytoremediation’s history, present and future potential, discussing mechanisms of remediation, different types of pollutant and polluted environs, cell signaling, biotechnology, and molecular biology, including site-directed DNA and the omics related to plant sciences. Sections focus on phytoremediation as an economically feasible and environmentally safe strategy, including its mechanisms from macroscopic to microscopic level, strategies of assisted phytoremediation, the role of omics on innovations on the field, the development of genetically modified plants (GMPs) to deal with pollutants, the future prospects of targeted genetic engineering in phytoremediation and remediation advantages and disadvantages. Other sections in the book explore the phytoremediation of specific environs (water and soil) and specific contaminants that are of major worldwide concern. Presents phytoremediation mechanisms at a microscopic level (molecular mechanisms) Covers remediation in different environs and in different kinds of pollutants Conveys the economic aspects relating to phytoremediation
Assisted Phytoremediation
- Author : Vimal Chandra Pandey
- Publisher : Elsevier
- Release Date : 2021-09-21
- Total pages : 444
- ISBN : 9780128230831
- File Size : 19,9 Mb
- Total Download : 512
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Assisted Phytoremediaion covers a wide range of uses of plants for remediation of environmental pollutants. It includes coverage of such techniques as root engineering, transgenic plants, increasing the biomass, use of genetic engineering and genome editing technology for rapid phytoremediation of pollutants. In order to improve the efficiency of plant remediation, genetic engineering plays a vital role in the overexpression of genes or gene clusters, which are responsible for degradation and uptake of pollutants. The book presents state-of-the-art techniques of assisted phytoremediation to better manage soil and water pollution in large amounts. This book is a valuable resource for researchers, students, and engineers in environmental science and bioengineering, with case studies and state-of-the-art research from eminent global scientists. This book serves as an excellent basis from which scientific knowledge can grow and widen in the field of environmental remediation. Provides a clear picture of how to design, tune, and implement assisted phytoremediation techniques Offers a comprehensive analysis of current perspective and state-of-the-art applications of assisted phytoremediation Introduces the potential of genetic engineering as a rapid, cost-effective technology for environmental remediation using plants
The Impact of Air Pollution on Health, Economy, Environment and Agricultural Sources
- Author : Mohamed Khallaf
- Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
- Release Date : 2011-09-26
- Total pages : 459
- ISBN : 9789533075280
- File Size : 17,7 Mb
- Total Download : 739
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This book aims to strengthen the knowledge base dealing with Air Pollution. The book consists of 21 chapters dealing with Air Pollution and its effects in the fields of Health, Environment, Economy and Agricultural Sources. It is divided into four sections. The first one deals with effect of air pollution on health and human body organs. The second section includes the Impact of air pollution on plants and agricultural sources and methods of resistance. The third section includes environmental changes, geographic and climatic conditions due to air pollution. The fourth section includes case studies concerning of the impact of air pollution in the economy and development goals, such as, indoor air pollution in México, indoor air pollution and millennium development goals in Bangladesh, epidemiologic and economic impact of natural gas on indoor air pollution in Colombia and economic growth and air pollution in Iran during development programs. In this book the authors explain the definition of air pollution, the most important pollutants and their different sources and effects on humans and various fields of life. The authors offer different solutions to the problems resulting from air pollution.
Phytoremediation of Environmental Pollutants
- Author : Ram Chandra,N. K. Dubey,Vineet Kumar
- Publisher : CRC Press
- Release Date : 2017-12-05
- Total pages : 510
- ISBN : 113806260X
- File Size : 25,8 Mb
- Total Download : 177
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Phytoremediation aids to augment bioremediation as it uses broad range plants to remediate soil, sediment, surface water and ground water that have been contaminated with toxic metals, organic, pesticides and radionuclides. This book serves to disseminate detailed up to date knowledge regarding the various aspects of phytoremediation and plant-microbe interaction. The book highlights process and molecular mechanisms for industrial waste detoxification during phytoremediation in wetland plants, role of endophytic bacteria for phytoremediation of environmental pollutants, constructed wetland treatment system for treatment and recycling of hazardous wastewater, amongst other relevant topics. Key Features: Focuses on phytoremediation process for different pollutants, mainly heavy metal detoxification in the presence of other co-pollutants. Includes plant-soil-microbe interactions in phytoremediations and remediation of contaminated water. Explores life cycle assessment of industrial waste contaminated site with organic pollutants. Discusses hyperaccumulator versus non-hyperaccumulator plants for environmental waste management. Includes bacterial assisted phytoremediation and siderophore formation in specific environmental conditions.
Chemistry and Ecotoxicology of Pollution
- Author : Des W. Connell,Gregory J. Miller
- Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
- Release Date : 1984-03-20
- Total pages : 470
- ISBN : 0471862495
- File Size : 14,5 Mb
- Total Download : 632
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Pollution and its control are now one of the most serious problems in environmental management, affecting localized areas, regions, and, increasingly, the entire ecosphere. Chemistry and Ecotoxicology of Pollution provides a basic understanding of the chemical, toxicological, and ecological factors involved when major classes of pollutants act on natural systems. The nature and effects of these pollutants are examined from the primary level of their sources and chemical properties, through their interactions in the environment, to their ultimate ecological effects on organisms and ecosystems. Pollutants are divided into groups, with similar properties, and then the chemistry and ecotoxicology of each group is defined. More importantly, in collating and evaluating available information on pollution processes, the book develops unifying theories on the fundamental chemical and ecological nature of pollution processes. The book uses a conceptual framework to evaluate the impact of pollutants on the components and functions of natural ecosystems. It is based on the chemical and physical properties of a pollutant, its environmental behavior and fate, exposure to and toxic effects on organisms, their populations, communities, and responses of affected ecosystems. This sequence can be applied to known, potential, and emerging pollutants of concern. As government initiatives for the control of chemicals take greater effects, pollution research, particularly in ecotoxicology, will be further developed. Chemistry and Ecotoxicology of Pollution helps play an important role in determining the future direction of research activities in environmental management and pollution control on a worldwide scale. It is a basic resource for students (e.g. environmental chemistry, ecology, land and water management, environmental or public health, environmental engineering, and sustainability science), scientists, researchers, policy makers, and professionals in need of a clear understanding of the nature and effects of environmental pollution from an ecological perspective.
Plant Responses to the Gaseous Environment
- Author : A.R. Wellburn,R.G. Alscher
- Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
- Release Date : 2012-12-06
- Total pages : 416
- ISBN : 9789401112949
- File Size : 11,5 Mb
- Total Download : 185
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The study of air pollution effects on vegetation has made rapid progress in the last five years. Growing concerns about effects of future increases in temperature and carbon dioxide (C0 ) levels on plant life have altered 2 the perspective of plant biologists in the field of pollutant-plant inter actions. In many cases, it is anticipated that crops and trees will increasingly experience multiple stresses in an altered environment: an environment in which physiological processes will no longer be matched to climate. Because of this problem, a major part of the focus of the air pollution effects research has shifted since 1987. Moreover, recent advances in our understanding of plant metabolic and molecular responses to stress have made it clear that many abiotic stresses elicit similar fundamental mechanisms. Adaptation responses to drought, extremes of temperature, xenobiotics and air pollutants are now known to involve the response of both specific and common resistance mechanisms, which often include altered gene expression. The field of air pollution effects on vegetation has benefitted greatly from this unification since results obtained and advances made in allied fields are now directly relevant. The advent of molecular genetics has made possible the production of transgenic plants containing altered amounts of resistance gene products which enables the posing of experimental questions which could not be addressed only five years ago. Hypotheses concerning the relevance of specific metabolites and processes to known responses to air pollution stress can now be tested.
Trace Gas Emissions and Plants
- Author : S. N. Singh
- Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
- Release Date : 2000
- Total pages : 348
- ISBN : 0792365453
- File Size : 27,6 Mb
- Total Download : 501
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Atmospheric abudance of trace gases since the pre-industrial time has forced the earth's climate to change, threatening food security. Exchange of biogenic trace gases between the atmosphere and the biosphere is directly or indirectly influenced by the plants. This volume contains the latest findings on the correlation between the climate change and biogenic gas emission, plant response to elevated levels of carbon dioxide, temperature, ozone and UV-B in combination and alone, regulatory mechanism of methane, nitrous oxide and ammonia emission and their mitigating options. Ecologists, atmospheric scientists, plant physiologists, research scholars, teachers and post-graduate students will benefit from this book.
Environmental Toxicology
- Author : Ming-Ho Yu,Humio Tsunoda,Masashi Tsunoda
- Publisher : CRC Press
- Release Date : 2011-11-16
- Total pages : 401
- ISBN : 9781439840382
- File Size : 34,6 Mb
- Total Download : 935
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Human survival depends on the availability of clean air, water, and food and on the welfare of plants and animals. However, anthropogenic and naturally occurring chemicals can cause adverse effects on living organisms and ecological processes. Environmental Toxicology: Biological and Health Effects of Pollutants, Third Edition presents fundamental information on the effects of environmental toxicants on living systems. It focuses on the chemical and biological characteristics of major pollutants found in the air, water, and soil and relates them to the health and well being of humans, animals, and plants. An Indispensable Reference on Air, Soil, & Water Pollutants and Their Impact on Living Systems Surveying the environmental and health changes that have occurred in recent decades, the book discusses the sources, metabolism, and damage process of toxicants, and the environmental, biological, and nutritional factors that may influence toxicity. It looks at natural defense systems, including the mechanisms for detoxification—such as endogenous antioxidants and free radical scavenging enzymes—on a cellular level. The text examines the major toxicants: EPA criteria air pollutants, environmental fluoride, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), environmental metals and metalloids involved in soil and water pollution, and pesticides and related material such as PCBs and dioxins. It then addresses their relationship with endocrine disruption and environmental cancer. This comprehensive approach offers insight into the interaction of various chemical agents with DNA. Fully revised and expanded, the third edition of this popular book includes new and updated material as well as a new chapter on occupational toxicology. Appendices cover the process of ecological risk assessment, carcinogens, and PCB nomenclature. Based on research from more than 35 years of teaching environmental toxicology and related courses, this textbook is a useful resource for students, professionals, and researchers interested in the effects of pollutants on living systems. What’s New in This Edition A new chapter on occupational toxicology, covering indoor air quality, chemicals in the workplace, nanoparticle exposure, and more An updated chapter on environmental changes and health, including significant environmental changes that have occurred since the last edition An updated chapter on environmental cancer, including changes in death rates of respiratory cancers New material on the importance of nitrous oxide (N2O) in stratospheric ozone layer depletion An expanded discussion of environmental disasters
Air Pollution and Plant Life
- Author : J. N. B. Bell,M. Treshow
- Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
- Release Date : 2002-05-22
- Total pages : 484
- ISBN : 0471490911
- File Size : 24,5 Mb
- Total Download : 656
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This standard textbook provides a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the direct and indirect impacts of air pollution on plant life. Written by an international team of experts, the book covers the main historical aspects and sources of pollutants, atmospheric transport and transformations of pollutants, and issues of global change and the use of science in air pollution policy formulation. * covers all the main phytotoxic pollutants with due consideration given to impacts at all levels of plant organisation from molecular to ecological. * emphasises the effects of air pollutants in altering plant response to common stresses, both abiotic and biotic - fields in which considerable progress has been made since publication of the first edition. * includes coverage of how research leads to pollution control policy development. Essential reading for students in Environmental Science, Biological Science and Agriculture, as well as environmental consultants and professionals involved in air quality research and the application of air quality guidelines and advice.
Plant Metal Interaction
- Author : Parvaiz Ahmad
- Publisher : Elsevier
- Release Date : 2016-02-02
- Total pages : 652
- ISBN : 9780128031834
- File Size : 51,9 Mb
- Total Download : 549
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Plant Metal Interaction: Emerging Remediation Techniques covers different heavy metals and their effect on soils and plants, along with the remediation techniques currently available. As cultivable land is declining day-by-day as a result of increased metals in our soil and water, there is an urgent need to remediate these effects. This multi-contributed book is divided into four sections covering the whole of plant metal interactions, including heavy metals, approaches to alleviate heavy metal stress, microbial approaches to remove heavy metals, and phytoremediation. Provides an overview of the effect of different heavy metals on growth, biochemical reactions, and physiology of various plants Serves as a reference guide for available techniques, challenges, and possible solutions in heavy metal remediation Covers sustainable technologies in uptake and removal of heavy metals