Neuroscience Of Nicotine

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Neuroscience of Nicotine

Neuroscience of Nicotine
  • Author : Victor R. Preedy
  • Publisher : Academic Press
  • Release Date : 2019-03-20
  • Total pages : 566
  • ISBN : 9780128130360
  • File Size : 23,6 Mb
  • Total Download : 934
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Neuroscience of Nicotine: Mechanisms and Treatment presents the fundamental information necessary for a thorough understanding of the neurobiological underpinnings of nicotine addiction and its effects on the brain. Offering thorough coverage of all aspects of nicotine research, treatment, policy and prevention, and containing contributions from internationally recognized experts, the book provides students, early-career researchers, and investigators at all levels with a fundamental introduction to all aspects of nicotine misuse. With an estimated one billion individuals worldwide classified as tobacco users—and tobacco use often being synonymous with nicotine addiction—nicotine is one of the world’s most common addictive substances, and a frequent comorbidity of misuse of other common addictive substances. Nicotine alters a variety of neurological processes, from molecular biology, to cognition, and quitting is exceedingly difficult because of the number of withdrawal symptoms that accompany the process. Integrates cutting-edge research on the pharmacological, cellular and molecular aspects of nicotine use, along with its effects on neurobiological function Discusses nicotine use as a component of dual-use and poly addictions and outlines numerous screening and treatment strategies for misuse Covers both the physical and psychological effects of nicotine use and withdrawal to provide a fully-formed view of nicotine dependency and its effects

Negative Affective States and Cognitive Impairments in Nicotine Dependence

Negative Affective States and Cognitive Impairments in Nicotine Dependence
  • Author : F. Scott Hall,Jared W. Young,Andre Der-Avakian
  • Publisher : Academic Press
  • Release Date : 2016-08-17
  • Total pages : 362
  • ISBN : 9780128026694
  • File Size : 55,7 Mb
  • Total Download : 806
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Negative Affective States and Cognitive Impairments in Nicotine Dependence is the only book of its kind that addresses nicotine use and abuse in the context of negative reinforcement mechanisms. Written and edited by leading investigators in addiction, affective, genetic, and cognitive research, it provides researchers and advanced students with an overview of the clinical bases of these effects, allowing them to fully understand the various underlying dysfunctions that drive nicotine use in different individuals. In addition, this book examines animal models that researchers have utilized to investigate the biological bases of these dysfunctions. The combination of clinical and preclinical approaches to understanding nicotine dependence makes this book an invaluable resource for researchers and practitioners seeking to develop targeted treatments aimed at ameliorating symptoms of nicotine dependence, as well as identifying premorbid differences in affective or cognitive function. Provides a unique perspective on nicotine dependence that emphasizes negative reinforcement rather than positive reinforcement Examines psychiatric comorbidities and alleviation of withdrawal states as motivation for continued tobacco use Includes both clinical and preclinical perspectives Includes genetic and multi-neurotransmitter perspectives on nicotine use and withdrawal Emphasizes heterogeneity of underlying reasons for smoking, the need for multiple animal models to understand this heterogeneity, and the expectation of heterogeneous responses to potential treatments, underscoring the need for personalized therapeutics

Nicotine Use in Mental Illness and Neurological Disorders

Nicotine Use in Mental Illness and Neurological Disorders
  • Author : Anonim
  • Publisher : Academic Press
  • Release Date : 2015-11-16
  • Total pages : 296
  • ISBN : 9780128016268
  • File Size : 10,8 Mb
  • Total Download : 376
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Nicotine Use in Mental Illness and Neurological Disorders, a volume in the International Review of Neurobiology series, is a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art research into nicotine use in mental illness and neurological disorders. It reviews current knowledge and understanding, also provides a starting point for researchers and practitioners entering the field. Provides a broad coverage of subject matter Presents a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art research into nicotine use in mental illness and neurological disorders Ideal for researchers and practitioners, and those just entering the field

How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease

How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease
  • Author : Anonim
  • Publisher : Health and Human Services Department
  • Release Date : 2010
  • Total pages : 728
  • ISBN : UCSD:31822037817723
  • File Size : 22,6 Mb
  • Total Download : 816
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This report considers the biological and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie the pathogenicity of tobacco smoke. Many Surgeon General's reports have considered research findings on mechanisms in assessing the biological plausibility of associations observed in epidemiologic studies. Mechanisms of disease are important because they may provide plausibility, which is one of the guideline criteria for assessing evidence on causation. This report specifically reviews the evidence on the potential mechanisms by which smoking causes diseases and considers whether a mechanism is likely to be operative in the production of human disease by tobacco smoke. This evidence is relevant to understanding how smoking causes disease, to identifying those who may be particularly susceptible, and to assessing the potential risks of tobacco products.

The Neuropharmacology of Nicotine Dependence

The Neuropharmacology of Nicotine Dependence
  • Author : David J.K. Balfour,Marcus R. Munafò
  • Publisher : Springer
  • Release Date : 2015-01-31
  • Total pages : 172
  • ISBN : 9783319134826
  • File Size : 51,8 Mb
  • Total Download : 673
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The primary purpose of this book and its companion volume The Behavioral Genetics of Nicotine and Tobacco is to explore the ways in which recent studies on nicotine and its role in tobacco addiction have opened our eyes to the psychopharmacological properties of this unique and fascinating drug. While The Behavioral Genetics of Nicotine and Tobacco considers the molecular and genetic factors which influence behavioral responses to nicotine and how these may impact on the role of nicotine in tobacco dependence, the present book focuses on the complex neural and psychological mechanisms that mediate nicotine dependence in experimental animal models and their relationship to tobacco addiction in humans. These volumes will provide readers a contemporary overview of current research on nicotine psychopharmacology and its role in tobacco dependence from leaders in this field of researchand will hopefully prove valuable to those who are developing their own research programmes in this important topic.

Nicotine and Other Tobacco Compounds in Neurodegenerative and Psychiatric Diseases

Nicotine and Other Tobacco Compounds in Neurodegenerative and Psychiatric Diseases
  • Author : Emilija Veljkovic,Wenhao Xia,Blaine Phillips,Ee Tsin Wong,Jenny Ho,Alberto Oviedo Casado,Julia Hoeng,Manuel Peitsch
  • Publisher : Academic Press
  • Release Date : 2018-01-15
  • Total pages : 164
  • ISBN : 9780128129234
  • File Size : 46,9 Mb
  • Total Download : 600
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Nicotine and Other Tobacco Compounds in Neurodegenerative and Psychiatric Diseases: Epidemiological Data on Smoking and Preclinical and Clinical Data on Nicotine provides a comprehensive summary of the epidemiological data on smoking and several neurological disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Multiple Sclerosis, Tourette’s syndrome, schizophrenia, anxiety, depression and ADHD, as well as preclinical and clinical data on the effects of nicotine. Despite the obvious and undisputed harmful nature of smoking, evidence suggests that some tobacco and tobacco smoke-derived constituents may offer neuroprotective effects, possibly in combinations, rather than individually. This unprecedented book describes the complex relationships between smoking and neurological disease and the bioactive compounds found in tobacco. It provides a comprehensive review of nicotine and other compounds found in tobacco plant, with scientific evidence of neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects that may act in conjunction with nicotine to exert neuroprotective effects observed in smokers. By presenting findings beyond harmful cigarette smoke effects, attention can be drawn to individual compounds of tobacco that may serve as inspiration for further therapy development. Presents the first comprehensive, tabulated summary of literature on the epidemiological data on smoking and neurological disease Includes preclinical and clinical data on nicotine in neurological diseases and mechanisms of action of nicotine in neuroprotection Features a comprehensive summary of non-nicotine smoke constituents with potentially neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties Discusses Multiple Sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s Disease, Schizophrenia, Depression, ADHD, Anxiety and Tourette’s Syndrome in the context of smoking and nicotine

The Neurobiology and Genetics of Nicotine and Tobacco

The Neurobiology and Genetics of Nicotine and Tobacco
  • Author : David J.K. Balfour,Marcus R. Munafò
  • Publisher : Springer
  • Release Date : 2016-10-06
  • Total pages : 0
  • ISBN : 3319379194
  • File Size : 51,5 Mb
  • Total Download : 121
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The primary purpose of this book and its companion volume The Neuropharmacology of Nicotine Dependence is to explore the ways in which recent studies on nicotine and its role in tobacco addiction have opened our eyes to the psychopharmacological properties of this unique and fascinating drug. While the present volume considers the molecular and genetic factors which influence behavioral responses to nicotine and how these may impact on the role of nicotine in tobacco dependence, the book The Neuropharmacology of Nicotine Dependence focuses on the complex neural and psychological mechanisms that mediate nicotine dependence in experimental animal models and their relationship to tobacco addiction in humans. These volumes will provide readers with a contemporary overview of current research on nicotine psychopharmacology and its role in tobacco dependence from leaders in this field of research and will hopefully prove valuable to those who are developing their own research programmes in this important topic.

Tobacco Smoking and Nicotine

Tobacco Smoking and Nicotine
  • Author : William R. Martin,Glen R. Van Loon,Edgar T. Iwamoto,Layten David
  • Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
  • Release Date : 2012-12-06
  • Total pages : 524
  • ISBN : 9781461319115
  • File Size : 15,9 Mb
  • Total Download : 545
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Nicotine is the major factor in the continuation of the smoking habit among humans. On December 2-4, 1985, under the sponsorship of the Tobacco and Health Research Institute in Lexington, Kentucky, leading scientists from around the world whose research efforts have focused on the role of nicotine in the tobacco habit participated in an International Symposium to provide the most comprehensive and ~xtensive coverage of this topic so far. The material discussed was in the forefront of man's knowledge about nicotine, and both lectures and question and answer sessions were stimulating and enlightening. This publication contains the manuscripts presented at the Symposium, along with an Overview prepared by selected individuals. Lecture and poster session topics are delineated more fully in the Overview. This volume is expected to serve as a definitive reference on nicotine as it relates to the tobacco habit. Symposium sessions were arranged under four headings: (1) behavioral effects of nicotine and nicotine~ependence in humans and animals, (2) neurohumoral regulation of neuroendocrine and cardiovascular function by nicotine, (3) neuropharmacology of nicotine, and (4) neurochemistry. This was the first assembly of this magnitude of scientists who had devoted years of research to nicotine and its effects. Indeed, it was a pleasure to have sponsored this important event. Dr. Lay ten Davis, Director Tobacco and Health Research Institute Cooper and Alumni Drives Lexington, KY 40546-0236 v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The Editors of this volume express sincere appreciation to all of the contributors. Special acknowledgments are given to Ms.

Never Enough

Never Enough
  • Author : Judith Grisel
  • Publisher : Anchor
  • Release Date : 2020-01-14
  • Total pages : 258
  • ISBN : 9780525434900
  • File Size : 47,6 Mb
  • Total Download : 477
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A NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER From a renowned behavioral neuroscientist and recovering addict, a rare page-turning work of science that draws on personal insights to reveal how drugs work, the dangerous hold they can take on the brain, and the surprising way to combat today's epidemic of addiction. Judith Grisel was a daily drug user and college dropout when she began to consider that her addiction might have a cure, one that she herself could perhaps discover by studying the brain. Now, after twenty-five years as a neuroscientist, she shares what she and other scientists have learned about addiction, enriched by captivating glimpses of her personal journey. In Never Enough, Grisel reveals the unfortunate bottom line of all regular drug use: there is no such thing as a free lunch. All drugs act on the brain in a way that diminishes their enjoyable effects and creates unpleasant ones with repeated use. Yet they have their appeal, and Grisel draws on anecdotes both comic and tragic from her own days of using as she limns the science behind the love of various drugs, from marijuana to alcohol, opiates to psychedelics, speed to spice. With more than one in five people over the age of fourteen addicted, drug abuse has been called the most formidable health problem worldwide, and Grisel delves with compassion into the science of this scourge. She points to what is different about the brains of addicts even before they first pick up a drink or drug, highlights the changes that take place in the brain and behavior as a result of chronic using, and shares the surprising hidden gifts of personality that addiction can expose. She describes what drove her to addiction, what helped her recover, and her belief that a “cure” for addiction will not be found in our individual brains but in the way we interact with our communities. Set apart by its color, candor, and bell-clear writing, Never Enough is a revelatory look at the roles drugs play in all of our lives and offers crucial new insight into how we can solve the epidemic of abuse.

The Addicted Brain

The Addicted Brain
  • Author : Michael J. Kuhar
  • Publisher : FT Press
  • Release Date : 2012
  • Total pages : 237
  • ISBN : 9780132542500
  • File Size : 34,8 Mb
  • Total Download : 250
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"The Addicted Brain" explains clearly and vividly what has been learned about how and why some people become addicted and abuse drugs or other substances, the relatively long-term changes these substances can make in the brain, and the progress being made on treatments.

Nicotinic Receptors in the Nervous System

Nicotinic Receptors in the Nervous System
  • Author : Edward D. Levin
  • Publisher : CRC Press
  • Release Date : 2001-08-29
  • Total pages : 312
  • ISBN : 9781420038521
  • File Size : 30,5 Mb
  • Total Download : 724
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Nicotine research has been conducted for the better part of a century, but with the discovery of the relationship of nicotinic systems to Alzheimer's disease, the differentiation of nicotinic receptor subtypes, and the development of novel nicotinic ligands, the field of nicotine research has exploded. This book will provide you reference to the latest research methods and findings concerning nicotinic neural systems. Featuring a unique approach, Nicotinic Receptors in the Nervous System provides integrated coverage of cutting-edge research concerning neuronal nicotinic systems relevant to smoking addiction and cognitive dysfunction. By bringing together molecular and neurochemical applications, this book provides the key to understanding function and dysfunction of nicotinic systems and how they are significant for disease, addiction, and the development of novel drug treatments. Within the next several years, it is very promising that clinical research will support the use of nicotinic treatments for addiction, pain, and cognitive and motor dysfunction. Nicotinic Receptors in the Nervous System provides you with the basic mechanistic background for these treatments as well as the functional assessment necessary to determine therapeutic effects.

The Tobacco Epidemic

The Tobacco Epidemic
  • Author : R. Loddenkemper,M. Kreuter
  • Publisher : Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
  • Release Date : 2015-03-13
  • Total pages : 276
  • ISBN : 9783318026573
  • File Size : 34,9 Mb
  • Total Download : 608
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This completely revised and enlarged 2nd edition of The Tobacco Epidemic provides a comprehensive update of the clinical, public health and political aspects of tobacco smoking. Since its 1st edition in 1997, knowledge on the health hazards of tobacco and nicotine addiction has increased considerably, but recent data has shown that the global problem has become more aggravated in low- and middle-income countries: if current trends continue, tobacco smoking will be responsible for the deaths of 1 billion people in the 21st century. Written by outstanding international experts, the book covers the history of tobacco production and use, the economics of tobacco use and control, as well as the health consequences of active and passive smoking in both adults and children. Special chapters discuss the impact of media, movies and TV on tobacco consumption in young people, the patterns and predictors of smoking cessation in the general population and in different social subgroups, and initiatives supported by the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Readers will find the latest information on how nicotine dependence is treated with nicotine replacement products, what role health care professionals play in helping smokers to quit and what effects smoke-free environments, advertising bans and price increases have on smoking prevalence. The potential harms and benefits of smokeless tobacco, waterpipe tobacco smoking and electronic cigarettes are also evaluated. This book is a must-read for anyone in the medical profession who treats patients with smoking-related diseases and for those engaged in tobacco control. It will also be appreciated by interested nonmedical readers like journalists and legislators.

A Critique of Nicotine Addiction

A Critique of Nicotine Addiction
  • Author : Hanan Frenk,Reuven Dar
  • Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
  • Release Date : 2005-12-16
  • Total pages : 248
  • ISBN : 9780306472329
  • File Size : 45,8 Mb
  • Total Download : 969
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Nicotine is almost universally believed to be the major factor that motivates smoking and impedes cessation. Authorities such as the Surgeon General of the USA and the Royal College of Physicians in the UK have declared that nicotine is as addictive as heroin and cocaine. This book is a critique of the nicotine addiction hypothesis, based on a critical review of the research literature that purports to prove that nicotine is as addictive drug. The review is based on a re-examination of more than 700 articles and books on this subject, including animal and human experimental studies, effects of `nicotine replacement therapies', and many other relevant sources. This review concludes that on present evidence, there is every reason to reject the generally accepted theory that nicotine has a major role in cigarette smoking. A critical examination of the criteria for drug addiction demonstrates that none of these criteria is met by nicotine, and that it is much more likely that nicotine in fact limits rather than facilitates smoking.

Addictive Substances and Neurological Disease

Addictive Substances and Neurological Disease
  • Author : Ronald Ross Watson,Sherma Zibadi
  • Publisher : Academic Press
  • Release Date : 2017-02-18
  • Total pages : 414
  • ISBN : 9780128092965
  • File Size : 50,6 Mb
  • Total Download : 763
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Addictive Substances and Neurological Disease: Alcohol, Tobacco, Caffeine, and Drugs of Abuse in Everyday Lifestyles is a complete guide to the manifold effects of addictive substances on the brain, providing readers with the latest developing research on how these substances are implicated in neurological development and dysfunction. Cannabis, cocaine, and other illicit drugs can have substantial negative effects on the structure and functioning of the brain. However, other common habituating and addictive substances often used as part of an individual’s lifestyle, i.e., alcohol, tobacco, caffeine, painkillers can also compromise brain health and effect or accentuate neurological disease. This book provides broad coverage of the effects of addictive substances on the brain, beginning with an overview of how the substances lead to dysfunction before examining each substance in depth. It discusses the pathology of addiction, the structural damage resulting from abuse of various substances, and covers the neurobiological, neurodegenerative, behavioral, and cognitive implications of use across the lifespan, from prenatal exposure, to adolescence and old age. This book aids researchers seeking an understanding of the neurological changes that these substances induce, and is also extremely useful for those seeking potential treatments and therapies for individuals suffering from chronic abuse of these substances. Integrates current research on the actions of addictive substances in neurological disease Includes functional foods, such as caffeine beverages, that have habituating effects on the brain Provides a synopsis of key ideas associated with the consequences of addictive and habituating lifestyle substances

Preventing Tobacco Use Among Youth and Young Adults

Preventing Tobacco Use Among Youth and Young Adults
  • Author : United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General
  • Publisher : U.S. Government Printing Office
  • Release Date : 2012
  • Total pages : 928
  • ISBN : UCBK:C095488540
  • File Size : 24,5 Mb
  • Total Download : 196
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This Surgeon General's report details the causes and the consequences of tobacco use among youth and young adults by focusing on the social, environmental, advertising, and marketing influences that encourage youth and young adults to initiate and sustain tobacco use. This is the first time tobacco data on young adults as a discrete population have been explored in detail. The report also highlights successful strategies to prevent young people from using tobacco

Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Health and Disease

Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Health and Disease
  • Author : R. Thomas Boyd
  • Publisher : Academic Press
  • Release Date : 2023-03-31
  • Total pages : 292
  • ISBN : 9780128204184
  • File Size : 17,5 Mb
  • Total Download : 127
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Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Health and Disease provides the latest information Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), which are involved in numerous diseases, including Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and schizophrenia, and are important potential translational targets for treatment of these diseases, as well as therapy for addiction. This book focuses on the roles and function of nAChRs inside and outside of the nervous system, with an emphasis on translational implications and future prospects for the treatment of numerous disorders. This greater understanding of the basic neurobiology and clinical roles of nAChRs provides important insights for future clinical treatments of many major disorders. Describes the roles, expression and function of nicotinic receptors Includes receptor involvement, both inside and outside the nervous system Details nicotinic receptor involvement in Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Cancer, Schizophrenia, and more Emphasizes future treatment prospects of disorders via modulation of nAChR signaling

Neurobiology of Addiction

Neurobiology of Addiction
  • Author : Alan C. Swann,F. Gerard Moeller,Marijn Lijffijt
  • Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
  • Release Date : 2016
  • Total pages : 0
  • ISBN : 0199367892
  • File Size : 41,7 Mb
  • Total Download : 929
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Neurobiology of Addiction highlights some of the most promising research areas of the rapidly expanding field of addiction. It will be useful as a practical tool for clinicians, research investigators, and trainees-both in addiction and in other illnesses with overlapping mechanisms-as well as an informative resource for non-technical readers who are interested in addiction or mental health policy. The editors have combined their areas of expertise to provide a unique perspective into the prevention and treatment of addictive disorders. Their approach addresses addiction in the broader context of behavioral processes and survival-related adaptations, focusing on its neurobiological precursors and drawing parallels between addictions and other recurrent or progressive psychiatric disorders. The book also emphasizes resilience, clinical contexts of addictive behavior, and treatment strategies that target its underlying neurobiological mechanisms.

Nicotinic Receptors

Nicotinic Receptors
  • Author : Robin A.J. Lester
  • Publisher : Springer
  • Release Date : 2014-11-11
  • Total pages : 461
  • ISBN : 9781493911677
  • File Size : 55,5 Mb
  • Total Download : 610
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A comprehensive overview of nicotinic receptors that addresses their history from crystal structure to behavior as well as their implications in disease and potential as therapeutic targets. It includes background information on all subtypes of nicotinic receptors, the most recent information on the distribution throughout the nervous system and discussion of their implications in learning and memory, addiction and neurological and psychiatric disease such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. Takes advantage of several recent developments in the fields of optogenetics, viral expression and gene analysis to focus on current knowledge on the functional aspects of nicotinic receptors.

Nicotine Psychopharmacology

Nicotine Psychopharmacology
  • Author : Jack E. Henningfield,Edythe London,Sakire Pogun
  • Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
  • Release Date : 2009-02-01
  • Total pages : 544
  • ISBN : 9783540692485
  • File Size : 44,7 Mb
  • Total Download : 425
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The fact that tobacco ingestion can affect how people feel and think has been known for millennia, placing the plant among those used spiritually, honori?cally, and habitually (Corti 1931; Wilbert 1987). However, the conclusion that nicotine - counted for many of these psychopharmacological effects did not emerge until the nineteenth century (Langley 1905). This was elegantly described by Lewin in 1931 as follows: “The decisive factor in the effects of tobacco, desired or undesired, is nicotine. . . ”(Lewin 1998). The use of nicotine as a pharmacological probe to und- stand physiological functioning at the dawn of the twentieth century was a landmark in the birth of modern neuropharmacology (Limbird 2004; Halliwell 2007), and led the pioneering researcher John Langley to conclude that there must exist some “- ceptive substance” to explain the diverse actions of various substances, including nicotine, when applied to muscle tissue (Langley 1905). Research on tobacco and nicotine progressed throughout the twentieth century, but much of this was from a general pharmacological and toxicological rather than a psychopharmacological perspective (Larson et al. 1961). There was some attention to the effects related to addiction, such as euphoria (Johnston 1941), tolerance (Lewin 1931), and withdrawal (Finnegan et al. 1945), but outside of research supported by the tobacco industry, addiction and psychopharmacology were not major foci for research (Slade et al. 1995; Hurt and Robertson 1998; Henning?eld et al. 2006; Henning?eld and Hartel 1999; Larson et al. 1961).

Phenotypes and Endophenotypes

Phenotypes and Endophenotypes
  • Author : Anonim
  • Publisher : Unknown
  • Release Date : 2009
  • Total pages : 626
  • ISBN : UCBK:C095488373
  • File Size : 43,7 Mb
  • Total Download : 317
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PDF book entitled Phenotypes and Endophenotypes written by Anonim and published by Unknown which was released on 2009 with total hardcover pages 626, the book become popular and critical acclaim.

Public Health Consequences of E-Cigarettes

Public Health Consequences of E-Cigarettes
  • Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on the Review of the Health Effects of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems
  • Publisher : National Academies Press
  • Release Date : 2018-05-18
  • Total pages : 774
  • ISBN : 9780309468374
  • File Size : 14,6 Mb
  • Total Download : 188
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Millions of Americans use e-cigarettes. Despite their popularity, little is known about their health effects. Some suggest that e-cigarettes likely confer lower risk compared to combustible tobacco cigarettes, because they do not expose users to toxicants produced through combustion. Proponents of e-cigarette use also tout the potential benefits of e-cigarettes as devices that could help combustible tobacco cigarette smokers to quit and thereby reduce tobacco-related health risks. Others are concerned about the exposure to potentially toxic substances contained in e-cigarette emissions, especially in individuals who have never used tobacco products such as youth and young adults. Given their relatively recent introduction, there has been little time for a scientific body of evidence to develop on the health effects of e-cigarettes. Public Health Consequences of E-Cigarettes reviews and critically assesses the state of the emerging evidence about e-cigarettes and health. This report makes recommendations for the improvement of this research and highlights gaps that are a priority for future research.