Microbes Microbial Metabolism And Mucosal Immunity

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• Author : Tanima Bose
• Publisher : Academic Press
• Release Date : 2023-12-01
• Total pages : 0
• ISBN : 0323901441
• File Size : 31,6 Mb
• Total Download : 900
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Download Microbes, Microbial Metabolism and Mucosal Immunity in PDF, Epub, and Kindle

The study of microbiome and microbial metabolites and their roles in host mucosal immunology is a rapidly developing area of research. One major way in which the microbiome influences the host is through altered metabolism. Metabolites, readily available to the host, engender significant consequences. Microbial metabolites have been shown to impact the disease processes in both proximal and distal organs, including the brain in several neurocognitive disorders. Microbes, Microbial Metabolism and Mucosal Immunity: An Overview presents a concise and well-vetted treatise on the study of microbiome and microbial metabolites. This volume is up-to-date with the most recent developments from the last decade. It encompasses the interaction of immunity and microbes - and their metabolites - from different mucosal organs including eye, skin, gastrointestinal system, lung, intestine and cervix. Along with the efficiency of the immune system in inhibiting the growth and proliferation of microbes, the volume discusses how the mediators of the immune system can be targeted to develop therapies. This book presents the latest methods, gives broad and systematic coverage of most mucosal systems and diseases, and takes a fresh perspective that looks at the functional aspects of change in the microbiome.

• Author : Michael H. Kogut,Glenn Zhang
• Publisher : Springer Nature
• Release Date : 2022
• Total pages : 328
• ISBN : 9783030903039
• File Size : 38,8 Mb
• Total Download : 789
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Download Gut Microbiota, Immunity, and Health in Production Animals in PDF, Epub, and Kindle

This work sheds new light on the interplay between the gut, gut microbiota, and host physiological processes in production animals. The gut microbiome shapes health and susceptibility to disease and has become a leading area of research in the animal sciences. Gut health encompasses a number of physiological and functional features. Nutrient digestion and absorption, host metabolism and energy generation, a stable microbiome, mucus layer development, barrier function, and mucosal immune responses; all of which are required to interact to make an animal perform physiologically and according to its greatest genetic potential. This carefully presented book broadens our vision, approach and results on gut health and the ability to regulate animal production. Understanding the chemistry of microbiomes has broad implications, including providing functional annotations for the microbial genomes, insights into the chemical languages that link microbes to each other and to their host, and translational implications for precision veterinary medicine, environmental health, and sustainable animal agriculture and welfare. Experts working in microbiome research, host immunity, and animal production, veterinarians and researchers in livestock science will understand the great importance of this volume.

• Author : Katti R. Crakes
• Publisher : Unknown
• Release Date : 2020
• Total pages : 229
• ISBN : 9798664727333
• File Size : 19,9 Mb
• Total Download : 581
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Download Mapping Metabolic Pathways for Mucosal Health at the Host-microbe Interface in PDF, Epub, and Kindle

Background: Human body surfaces are lined by mucosal membranes composed of epithelial cells which serve as the primary barrier for protection against pathogens. These mucous membranes function in a shared environment with resident microbes, creating a complex ecosystem with communal sources of nutrients for the host as well as its microbes. Encounters with viral, fungal, and bacterial pathogens can directly or indirectly damage epithelial cells, disrupting tight junctions that keep mucosal barriers intact. Disruption of epithelial barriers lead to downstream inflammation, translocation of microbial products into the bloodstream, and exacerbation of disease. For example, Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV) proteins can target zonula occludens for viral entry and dissemination, Clostridium perfringens utilizes claudin proteins as receptors for entry, and candidalysin toxin from Candida albicans targets junctional complexes for translocation, all of which induce permeability in epithelial barriers. Furthermore, autoimmune diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease and diabetes exhibit similar pathologies in intestinal barrier disruption and microbial dysbiosis. While these barrier defects have been observed across a broad range of diseases, there is a lack of understanding in how tight junctions are regulated by epithelial cells and which therapeutic targets will be effective. My dissertation takes two approaches to address this issue: 1) mucosal repair in chronic inflammation and 2) mucosal protection against pathogens. I hypothesized that strategies targeting entry of pathogens and cellular metabolism at mucosal sites will be fundamental for effective prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. This dissertation presents three studies that advance our knowledge about mucosal repair/protection by leveraging host-microbial metabolic pathways and mucoadhesive drug delivery systems. 1: Repair of gut epithelial barriers during SIV-induced chronic gut inflammation through the mitochondria-microbiota crosstalk. Chronic gut inflammatory diseases are associated with disruption of intestinal epithelial barriers and impaired mucosal immunity. HIV causes depletion of mucosal CD4+ T cells early in infection and disruption of gut epithelium, resulting in chronic inflammation and immunodeficiency. Although antiretroviral therapy is effective in suppressing viral replication, it is incapable of restoring the "leaky gut," which poses an impediment for HIV cure efforts. Using the intestinal loop model in SIV-infected rhesus macaques, we found rapid repair of gut epithelial barriers within five hours of administering Lactobacillus plantarum into virally inflamed gut. The rapid recovery was driven by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR[alpha]) activation and occurred independent of mucosal CD4+ T cell recovery, highlighting a metabolic repair pathway in mitochondrial [beta]-oxidation that can be targeted for epithelial repair prior to complete immune recovery. These findings highlight the critical role of PPAR[alpha] at the intersection between microbial metabolism and epithelial repair in virally inflamed gut and as a potential mitochondrial target for restoring gut barriers in infectious or inflammatory diseases. Study 2: Renewal of gut epithelial barriers in metabolic disease through PPAR[alpha] signaling at the host-microbe interface in metabolic disease. Metabolic disease affects approximately one-third of the US adult population, and is defined by pathological conditions associated with obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Metabolic disease is concomitant to dysfunctions in the intestinal barrier and an increased risk for mucosal infection and systemic inflammation, all of which are poorly understood. Using a canine model of diabetes mellitus (DM), we translated our findings in Study 1 and tested the clinical translation of PPAR[alpha] activation on gut epithelial barriers using fenofibrate, a known PPAR[alpha] agonist. We found that a 3-week oral dosage of fenofibrate alleviates small intestinal barrier disruption and improves lipid metabolism in dogs with DM. Reduction of plasma triglycerides after 3 weeks correlated with lower immune activation and reduction of intraepithelial T lymphocytes in the duodenum. The gut microbial composition remained stable after fenofibrate administration, suggesting that repair of intestinal barriers can be achieved independent of surrounding microbiota. These findings indicate that lipid metabolism is essential to functionality of the gut epithelium, which can be rescued by PPAR[alpha] activation in DM. Study 3: Protection of genital mucosal surfaces against HIV and SHIV viruses using Silk fibroin mucoadhesive delivery platform. Efforts to end the AIDS epidemic using anti-retroviral therapy have been widely successful in reducing HIV-related deaths. However, challenges for the prevention of new HIV infections have not been fully resolved. Most new HIV infections occur through mucosal transmission, so it is imperative that HIV prevention platforms are effective at mucosal sites, can be produced inexpensively, and are accessible to vulnerable populations. In these cases, protection against HIV transmission must overcome individual-to-individual variation in the context of mucosal microbiota composition, host metabolic status, and immune response. In this study, we developed a silk fibroin (SF)-based drug delivery platform that encapsulates a potent HIV entry inhibitor Griffithsin (Grft) that can be readily administered into genital mucosal sites for HIV prevention. The SF formulation, capable of holding several anti-HIV proteins, is thermodynamically stable for over one year, can be released over the course of one month, and provides an innovative platform that is safe and effective against transmission of HIV. We demonstrate the safety and efficacy of SF-Grft in both vaginal and rectal compartments using a non-human primate model in vivo and human explant cultures ex vivo. Effective release and mucosal adherence of SF-Grft protected against HIV and SHIV challenge with negligible changes in local microbiota or inflammatory responses. These findings provide support for the development of SF as an effective HIV prevention modality at mucosal sites to help address the global disparity in HIV infection. Conclusion: These studies provide novel insights into new metabolic targets to repair inflamed gut mucosa and impart protection against pathogens at mucosal surfaces through innovative mucoadhesive technology. This dissertation deciphers the molecular, cellular, and microbial components involved in chronic gut inflammatory diseases, identifies molecular mechanisms of reversing mucosal damage, and defines the significance of addressing this complexity to bolster systemic and mucosal health.

• Author : Lanjuan Li
• Publisher : Springer
• Release Date : 2015-11-16
• Total pages : 650
• ISBN : 9783662438831
• File Size : 16,6 Mb
• Total Download : 300
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Download Infectious Microecology in PDF, Epub, and Kindle

"Infectious Microecology: Theory and Applications" firstly introduces microecology in the study of infection and proposes new anti-infection methods and strategies and then provides a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of research on infectious microecology. It concludes with a new theory for studying infectious diseases. This book presents the basic theories and fundamentals of infectious microecology, covering all the microecological systems relevant to clinical work. It also describes a new strategy and method to combat infectious diseases and provides detailed descriptions of studies and techniques in infectious microecology. The book discusses utilizing 10 years’ worth of research and clinical practice, referring to recent literature on the relationship between infection and microecology and combined with the latest research findings on liver microecology. In addition, it outlines the latest advances in the theory and techniques in the field of infectious microecology. It is intended for doctors, researchers and graduate students in the fields of infectious disease and microecology. Dr. Lanjuan Li is member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, she is also a Professor and Chief Physician at Zhejiang University, China.

• Author : Paul S. Cohen,Tyrrell Conway
• Publisher : Unknown
• Release Date : 2015
• Total pages : 229
• ISBN : 1680159313
• File Size : 50,8 Mb
• Total Download : 592
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Download Metabolism and Bacterial Pathogenesis in PDF, Epub, and Kindle

PDF book entitled Metabolism and Bacterial Pathogenesis written by Paul S. Cohen,Tyrrell Conway and published by Unknown which was released on 2015 with total hardcover pages 229, the book become popular and critical acclaim.

• Author : Günther Winkelmann
• Publisher : Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH
• Release Date : 2001
• Total pages : 488
• ISBN : 3527303049
• File Size : 42,9 Mb
• Total Download : 699
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Download Microbial Transport Systems in PDF, Epub, and Kindle

Transport of molecules across the cell membrane is a fundamental process of all living organisms. It is essential for understanding growth, development, nutrition as well as uptake and excretion of exogenous or synthesized molecules. Microbes respresent general and basic functional systems where many transport processes have been studied on a molecular basis. Knowledge of the microbial transport processes will provide new perspectives to treatments by inhibitors, drugs, antibiotics, vitamins, growth promotion compounds, activators and toxic compunds of various kinds.

• Author : Fernanda Mozzi,R?ul R. Raya,Graciela M. Vignolo
• Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
• Release Date : 2010-01-29
• Total pages : 417
• ISBN : 9780813820958
• File Size : 27,6 Mb
• Total Download : 978
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Download Biotechnology of Lactic Acid Bacteria in PDF, Epub, and Kindle

This title represents a broad review of current research on LAB and their novel applications with contributions from a number of well-known leading scientists. The book encompasses a wide range of topics including both traditional and novel developing fields, and provides unparalleled, comprehensive information on new advances of genomics, proteomics, metabolism and biodiversity of LAB. Chapters contain state-of-the-art discussions of specific LAB applications such as their use as probiotics, live vaccines and starter cultures in old and new fermented products. The safety of these microorganisms and their interactions with diverse ecosystems natural biota are also covered as well as the new applications of well-known (bacteriocins) and novel (vitamins, low-calorie sugars, etc.) metabolites produced by LAB. This book is an essential reference for established researchers and scientists, doctoral and post-doctoral students, university professors and instructors, and food technologists working on food microbiology, physiology and biotechnology of lactic acid bacteria.

• Author : John H. Cummings,John L. Rombeau,Takashi Sakata
• Publisher : Cambridge University Press
• Release Date : 2004-12-02
• Total pages : 602
• ISBN : 0521616131
• File Size : 9,7 Mb
• Total Download : 611
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Download Physiological and Clinical Aspects of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in PDF, Epub, and Kindle

This is the first comprehensive volume to look at the importance of short-chain fatty acids in digestion, the function of the large intestine and their role in human health. Short-chain fatty acids are the major product of bacterial fermentation of dietary carbohydrates in the human and animal large intestine. They represent the major end products of digestive processes occurring in the caecum and large intestine. As such, they form an important dietary component and it is increasingly recognised that they may have a significant role in protecting against large bowel cancer and in metabolism. Prepared by an international team of contributors who are at the forefront of this area of research, this volume will be an essential source of reference for gastroenterologists, nutritionists and others active in this area.

• Author : Cinzia Parolini,Amedeo Amedei
• Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
• Release Date : 2021-02-09
• Total pages : 76
• ISBN : 9782889664665
• File Size : 21,9 Mb
• Total Download : 495
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Download Gut Microbiota and Inflammation: Relevance in Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease in PDF, Epub, and Kindle

PDF book entitled Gut Microbiota and Inflammation: Relevance in Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease written by Cinzia Parolini,Amedeo Amedei and published by Frontiers Media SA which was released on 2021-02-09 with total hardcover pages 76, the book become popular and critical acclaim.

• Author : J.A. Taylor-Pickard,Z. Stevenson,K. Glebocka
• Publisher : Wageningen Academic Publishers
• Release Date : 2008-10-30
• Total pages : 272
• ISBN : 9789086866519
• File Size : 35,7 Mb
• Total Download : 929
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Download Formula for the future: nutrition or pathology? in PDF, Epub, and Kindle

Animal production is constantly changing. Over recent years, feed costs have increased significantly. Furthermore, today more emphasis is being placed on the health and welfare of production animals and birds, and in particular to the risk of zoonoses and potential food scares. The pig and poultry industries must now address not only the costs and efficiency of production, but also the impact of health and disease to both animals and the consumer. This edited collection of papers is taken from a series of seminars that brought together some of the world's leading authorities in the field of pig and poultry nutrition, health and production. The fundamental theme is to address the issues of nutrition and health, and in particular to cover the interactions and potential conflicts between the two. The importance of digestive function and the influence of nutrition on health and disease are covered in-depth. Strategies to combat salmonella and mycotoxins are also discussed. 'Formula for the future: nutrition or pathology' is aimed at nutritionists, veterinarians and animal producers as well as students and researchers studying animal and applied biological sciences.

• Author : Artemis P. Simopoulos,Tristan Corring,Alain Rerat
• Publisher : S. Karger AG (Switzerland)
• Release Date : 1993
• Total pages : 176
• ISBN : WISC:89046821757
• File Size : 38,7 Mb
• Total Download : 671
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Download Intestinal Flora, Immunity, Nutrition, and Health in PDF, Epub, and Kindle

PDF book entitled Intestinal Flora, Immunity, Nutrition, and Health written by Artemis P. Simopoulos,Tristan Corring,Alain Rerat and published by S. Karger AG (Switzerland) which was released on 1993 with total hardcover pages 176, the book become popular and critical acclaim.

• Author : Jie Yin,Yong Su,Hui Han
• Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
• Release Date : 2023-03-09
• Total pages : 237
• ISBN : 9782832516034
• File Size : 19,9 Mb
• Total Download : 701
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Download Gut microbial response to host metabolic phenotypes, volume II in PDF, Epub, and Kindle

PDF book entitled Gut microbial response to host metabolic phenotypes, volume II written by Jie Yin,Yong Su,Hui Han and published by Frontiers Media SA which was released on 2023-03-09 with total hardcover pages 237, the book become popular and critical acclaim.

• Author : Mark Lyte,Primrose P.E. Freestone
• Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
• Release Date : 2010-04-06
• Total pages : 316
• ISBN : 9781441955760
• File Size : 37,8 Mb
• Total Download : 623
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Download Microbial Endocrinology in PDF, Epub, and Kindle

Microbial endocrinology represents a newly emerging interdisciplinary field that is formed by the intersection of the fields of neurobiology and microbiology. This book will introduce a new perspective to the current understanding not only of the factors that mediate the ability of microbes to cause disease, but also to the mechanisms that maintain normal homeostasis. The discovery that microbes can directly respond to neuroendocrine hormones, as evidenced by increased growth and production of virulence-associated factors, provides for a new framework with which to investigate how microorganisms interface not only with vertebrates, but also with invertebrates and even plants. The reader will learn that the neuroendocrine hormones that one most commonly associates with mammals are actually found throughout the plant, insect and microbial communities to an extent that will undoubtedly surprise many, and most importantly, how interactions between microbes and neuroendocrine hormones can influence the pathophysiology of infectious disease.

• Author : Ryan J. Arsenault,Michael H. Kogut
• Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
• Release Date : 2016-11-02
• Total pages : 165
• ISBN : 9782889450299
• File Size : 33,5 Mb
• Total Download : 717
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Download Gut Health: The New Paradigm in Food Animal Production in PDF, Epub, and Kindle

Gut health and specifically the gut microbiome-host interaction is currently a major research topic across the life sciences. In the case of animal sciences research into animal production and health, the gut has been a continuous area of interest. Production parameters such as growth and feed efficiency are entirely dependent on optimum gut health. In addition, the gut is a major immune organ and one of the first lines of defense in animal disease. Recent changes in animal production management and feed regulations, both regulatory and consumer driven, have placed added emphasis on finding ways to optimize gut health in novel and effective ways. In this volume we bring together original research and review articles covering three major categories of gut health and animal production: the gut microbiome, mucosal immunology, and feed-based interventions. Included within these categories is a broad range of scientific expertise and experimental approaches that span food animal production. Our goal in bringing together the articles on this research topic is to survey the current knowledge on gut health in animal production. The following 15 articles include knowledge and perspectives from researchers from multiple countries and research perspectives, all with the central goal of improving animal health and production.

• Author : David J. Hentges
• Publisher : Unknown
• Release Date : 1983
• Total pages : 600
• ISBN : UOM:39015006012325
• File Size : 55,6 Mb
• Total Download : 350
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Download Human Intestinal Microflora in Health and Disease in PDF, Epub, and Kindle

Human Intestinal Microflora in Health and Disease deals with human indigenous intestinal flora, the vast assemblage of microorganisms that reside in the intestinal tract. It contains information on the composition of the flora, its development, metabolic activities, importance to the host, and the consequences of upsetting its ecology. The book is organized into four parts. Part I examines the composition and development of intestinal flora. Part II deals with the metabolic activities of intestinal microflora. These include studies on carbohydrate metabolism in the human colon; the compound ...

• Author : Roy Fuller,Gabriela Peridigón
• Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
• Release Date : 2008-04-15
• Total pages : 288
• ISBN : 9780470777480
• File Size : 22,7 Mb
• Total Download : 322
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Download Gut Flora, Nutrition, Immunity and Health in PDF, Epub, and Kindle

Some foods, as well as contributing essential nutrients to the body, also contain additional components that improve disease resistance and general health status over and above that induced by ingestion of conventional foods. The so-called functional foods, and prebiotics and probiotics exemplify the relationship that exists between nutrition, the gut (the largest element of the body’s immune system) and its flora, immunology and health. This important book contains chapters covering the basic principles of nutrition, gut microecology and immunology, as well as chapters which discuss the way in which this knowledge may be used to explain the positive and negative effects of food consumption, metabolism, probiotics and prebiotics. Food hypersensitivity and allergic reactions, carcinogenesis, and the role of nutrition in the reduced immunity of the aged are also discussed in detail. The editors of this exciting and informative book, who between them have a vast wealth of knowledge of the area, have drawn together and carefully edited international contributions from many well known and respected workers in the area. Gut Flora, Nutrition, Immunity and Health provides essential information for a range of professionals including nutritionists, dietitians, food scientists, microbiologists, gastroenterologists, immunologists and all personnel working in the development and use of functional foods and supplements, prebiotics and probiotics. Libraries in universities and research establishments where these subjects are studied and taught, and pharmaceutical and food companies should have multiple copies of this very useful book on their shelves. Roy Fuller is a consultant in gut microecology, based in Reading, UK; Gabriela Perdigón is based at the Centro de Referencia para Lactobacillus (CERELA) and at the Faculty of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacy of Tucuman University, Argentina.

• Author : Michael Wilson
• Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
• Release Date : 2009-01-26
• Total pages : 360
• ISBN : 9781444300383
• File Size : 21,5 Mb
• Total Download : 718
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Download Bacteriology of Humans in PDF, Epub, and Kindle

1st Prize, 'New Authored Books' category, Royal Society ofMedicine and Society of Authors Medical Book Awards 2008 “Overall, I am impressed by the up-to date informationcontent and structure provided in Bacteriology of Humans. It istruly an ecological perspective helpful for undergraduate/graduatemajors in microbiology and immunology.” –AmericanSociety for Microbiology, June 2009 "Wilson provides the reader with an up-to-date, comprehensivecensus of the indigenous microorganisms that inhabit the human bodyand in so doing contributes significantly to this rapidly advancingarea of study. The narrative is clearly written; the index isexcellent; there are numerous bibliographic citations. Each chapteris rich with tables, diagrams, color micrographs, and charts… Highly recommended." –Choice Reviews "This comprehensive, yet accessible text... is an excellentand informative reference book… it should be on the shelf ofevery major science and medical library. The content, organization,and presentation make this book a unique resource."–Doody's Book Reviews Until recently, the indigenous microbiota of humans has been arelatively neglected area of microbiology with most attention beingfocused on those microbes that cause disease in humans, rather thanon those that co-exist with us in the disease-free state. However,in the past decade research has shown that not only is theindigenous microbiota involved in protecting humans from exogenouspathogens but it is also involved in our development and nutrition.Consequently, interest has grown substantially among healthprofessionals and scientists in analyzing and understanding thesemicrobial (largely bacterial) communities. This comprehensive, yet accessible text provides an up-to-dateguide to the development, composition and distribution ofindigenous microbial communities of humans. With the aid ofabundant colour figures, diagrams, tables and maps, it establisheslinks between the physicochemical factors prevailing at ananatomical site and the types of microbes to be found there. Thebook includes an introduction to the human-microbe symbiosis aswell as an in-depth look at the main systems and organs of thehuman body that have an indigenous microbiota. Each chapterincludes a list of references for further study. This is an excellent and informative reference book that isuseful to anyone with an interest in microbiology, medicalmicrobiology, microbial ecology, infectious diseases, immunology,human biology, medicine, dentistry, nursing, health sciences,biomedical sciences or pharmacy – it should be on the shelfof every major science and medical library. Hallmark Features: Provides a comprehensive, yet accessible, reference book on thehuman microbiota Lavishly illustrated with colour figures, diagrams, tables andmaps Each chapter provides a list of references to promote furtherstudy Each chapter contains links to key websites Offers an ecological approach that explains why certainorganisms are associated with a particular anatomical site

• Author : Flavia Indrio
• Publisher : MDPI
• Release Date : 2018-09-19
• Total pages : 487
• ISBN : 9783038971689
• File Size : 44,8 Mb
• Total Download : 338
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Download Prebiotics and Probiotics in PDF, Epub, and Kindle

This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Prebiotics and Probiotics" that was published in Nutrients

• Author : Larry J. Dishaw,Gary W. Litman
• Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
• Release Date : 2019-12-31
• Total pages : 254
• ISBN : 9782889630226
• File Size : 16,8 Mb
• Total Download : 270
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Download Host and Microbe Adaptations in the Evolution of Immunity in PDF, Epub, and Kindle

The evolution of metazoans has been accompanied by new interfaces with the microbial environment that include biological barriers and surveillance by specialized cell types. Increasingly complex organisms require increased capacities to confront pathogens, achieved by co-evolution of recognition mechanisms and regulatory pathways. Two distinct but interactive forms of immunity have evolved. Innate immunity, shared by all metazoans, is traditionally viewed as simple and non-specific. Adaptive immunity possesses the capacity to anticipate new infectious challenges and recall previous exposures; the most well-understood example of such a system, exhibited by lymphocytes of vertebrates, is based on somatic gene alterations that generate extraordinary specificity in discrimination of molecular structures. Our understanding of immune phylogeny over the past decades has tried to reconcile immunity from a vertebrate standpoint. While informative, such approaches cannot completely address the complex nature of selective pressures brought to bear by the complex microbiota (including pathogens) that co-exist with all metazoans. In recent years, comparative studies (and new technologies) have broadened our concepts of immunity from a systems-wide perspective. Unexpected findings, e.g., genetic expansions of innate receptors, high levels of polymorphism, RNA-based forms of generating diversity, adaptive evolution and functional divergence of gene families and the recognition of novel mediators of adaptive immunity, prompt us to reconsider the very nature of immunity. Even fundamental paradigms as to how the jawed vertebrate adaptive immune system should be structured for “optimal” recognition potential have been disrupted more than once (e.g., the discovery of the multicluster organization and germline joining of immunoglobulin genes in sharks, gene conversion as a mechanism of somatic diversification, absence of IgM or MHC II in certain teleost fishes). Mechanistically, concepts of innate immune memory, often referred to as “trained memory,” have been realized further, with the development of new discoveries in studies of epigenetic regulation of somatic lineages. Immune systems innovate and adapt in a taxon-specific manner, driven by the complexity of interactions with microbial symbionts (commensals, mutualists and pathogens). Immune systems are shaped by selective forces that reflect consequences of dynamic interactions with microbial environments as well as a capacity for rapid change that can be facilitated by genomic instabilities. We have learned that characterizing receptors and receptor interactions is not necessarily the most significant component in understanding the evolution of immunity. Rather, such a subject needs to be understood from a more global perspective and will necessitate re-consideration of the physical barriers that afford protection and the developmental processes that create them. By far, the most significant paradigm shifts in our understanding of immunity and the infection process has been that microbes no longer are considered to be an automatic cause or consequence of illness, but rather integral components of normal physiology and homeostasis. Immune phylogeny has been shaped not only by an arms race with pathogens but also perhaps by mutualistic interactions with resident microbes. This Research Topic updates and extends the previous eBook on Changing Views of the Evolution of Immunity and contains peer-reviewed submissions of original research, reviews and opinions.

• Author : Zheng Ruan,Xiaodong Xia,Guodong Zhang,Fengjie Sun
• Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
• Release Date : 2022-05-06
• Total pages : 249
• ISBN : 9782889761456
• File Size : 51,8 Mb
• Total Download : 543
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Download Interactions between Bioactive Food Ingredients and Intestinal Microbiota in PDF, Epub, and Kindle

PDF book entitled Interactions between Bioactive Food Ingredients and Intestinal Microbiota written by Zheng Ruan,Xiaodong Xia,Guodong Zhang,Fengjie Sun and published by Frontiers Media SA which was released on 2022-05-06 with total hardcover pages 249, the book become popular and critical acclaim.

• Author : Stephen J. Ettinger,Edward C. Feldman,Etienne Cote
• Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
• Release Date : 2017-01-11
• Total pages : 2736
• ISBN : 9780323312394
• File Size : 12,9 Mb
• Total Download : 497
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Download Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine - eBook in PDF, Epub, and Kindle

Your days spent fruitlessly scouring textbooks and websites for credible vet information are over! Now you can get the whole story — the accurate story — all in one place. Introducing The Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Expert Consult, 8th Edition. Still the only comprehensive resource for veterinary internal medical problems, this faculty-and-student-favorite offers unparalleled coverage of pathophysiology, diagnosis, and disease treatments for dogs and cats. In addition to new chapters and discussions on the industry’s most topical issues, this "gold standard in vet medicine" comes with hundreds of original videos, algorithms, and learning tools to really bring all the information to life. There’s no better source to help you unlock the secrets of veterinary medicine than Ettinger’s! Fully searchable online text offers quick access to the most trusted information in the field. Complete library of over 500 original clinical videos you can believe in. Instead of fruitless YouTube searches, each video expertly breaks down veterinary procedures and important signs of diseases and disorders that are difficult or impossible to understand from written descriptions alone. In-depth coverage of timely issues includes expert explanations on topics such as the genome, clinical genomics, euthanasia, innocent heart murmurs, hyperbaric medicine, home prepared and raw diets, obesity, botulism, artificial pacing of the heart, and cancer vaccines. Thousands of references accessible from the printed book with the click of a QR code. 256 all-new client information sheets can be downloaded, customized, and printed as client handouts. 214 new and updated clinical algorithms aid in disease identification and decision-making. Exclusive access to Expert Consult Online website offers the complete library of original video clips, heart sounds, the full collection of client information sheets, and hyperlinking of references to their source abstracts in PubMed. NEW! In-depth coverage of the latest information and trends in small animal internal medicine. Completely new section on minimally-invasive interventional procedures includes techniques for treating respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, urologic/nephrologic, and neoplastic disorders. 17 new chapters address the major clinicopathologic abnormalities that occur in canine and feline laboratory testing. Completely new section on management of mutually-antagonistic comorbidities spotlights concurrent cardiac and renal disease, concurrent infection in patients requiring immunosuppression, and concurrent diabetes mellitus and corticosteroid-dependent disease. Expert explanations on topics such as evidence-based medicine, distinguishing behavioral disorders from medical neurologic disorders, blood transfusion techniques, hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing’s disease), chronic kidney disease, respiratory and inhalant therapy, and many more.