Antibiotics Therapeutic Spectrum And Limitations

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• Author : Amal Kumar Dhara,Amit Kumar Nayak,Debprasad Chattopadhyay
• Publisher : Academic Press
• Release Date : 2023-07-01
• Total pages : 0
• ISBN : 0323953883
• File Size : 14,5 Mb
• Total Download : 314
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Download Antibiotics - Therapeutic Spectrum and Limitations in PDF, Epub, and Kindle

Management of microbial infections by antibiotic, their rational use, improvement of efficacy as well as controlling of resistance with the help of modern drug delivery is the most important aspect of antibiotics. Antibiotics - Therapeutic Spectrum and Limitations provides up-to-date information about the variation in microbial infections, detailed toxicity considerations, rational uses, development of resistance, and their control. while providing thorough insight into the comprehensive and up-to-date trends of therapeutic uses of antibiotics and the mechanism of action. The chapters in this book discuss important aspects of microbial infections, antibiotics with different mechanisms, and antibiotic resistance by leading experts around the globe. Furthermore, these chapters include an updated literature review of the relevant key topics, good quality illustrations, chemical structures, flow charts, well-organized tables, attractive figures, etc., for a better understanding of the readers.

• Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Committee on New Directions in the Study of Antimicrobial Therapeutics: Immunomodulation,Committee on New Directions in the Study of Antimicrobial Therapeutics: New Classes of Antimicrobials
• Publisher : National Academies Press
• Release Date : 2006-01-03
• Total pages : 102
• ISBN : 0309180686
• File Size : 15,7 Mb
• Total Download : 116
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Download Treating Infectious Diseases in a Microbial World in PDF, Epub, and Kindle

Humans coexist with millions of harmless microorganisms, but emerging diseases, resistance to antibiotics, and the threat of bioterrorism are forcing scientists to look for new ways to confront the microbes that do pose a danger. This report identifies innovative approaches to the development of antimicrobial drugs and vaccines based on a greater understanding of how the human immune system interacts with both good and bad microbes. The report concludes that the development of a single superdrug to fight all infectious agents is unrealistic.

• Author : Céline Pulcini,Onder Ergonul,Füsun Can,Bojana Beović
• Publisher : Academic Press
• Release Date : 2017-04-05
• Total pages : 394
• ISBN : 9780128134610
• File Size : 37,8 Mb
• Total Download : 845
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Download Antimicrobial Stewardship in PDF, Epub, and Kindle

Antimicrobial Stewardship (AMS), Volume Two includes the experience of ESGAP workshops and courses on antibiotic stewardship since 2012. It combines clinical and laboratory information about AMS, with a focus on human medicine. The ESCMID study group on antibiotic policies (ESGAP) is one of the most productive groups in the field, organizing courses and workshops. This book is an ideal tool for the participants of these workshops. With short chapters (around 1500 words) written on different topics, the authors insisted on the following points: A ‘hands on’, practical approach, tips to increase success, a description of the most common mistakes, a global picture (out- and inpatient settings, all countries) and a short list of 10-20 landmark references. Focuses on the most recent antimicrobial stewardship strategies Provides a detailed description of laboratory support Offers a balanced synthesis of basic and clinical sciences for each individual case, presenting clinical courses of the cases in parallel with the pathogenesis and detailed microbiological information for each infection Describes the prevalence and incidence of the global issues and current therapeutic approaches Presents the measures for infection control

• Author : Anton Ficai,Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
• Publisher : Elsevier
• Release Date : 2017-05-29
• Total pages : 722
• ISBN : 9780323461511
• File Size : 14,8 Mb
• Total Download : 973
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Download Nanostructures for Antimicrobial Therapy in PDF, Epub, and Kindle

Nanostructures for Antimicrobial Therapy discusses the pros and cons of the use of nanostructured materials in the prevention and eradication of infections, highlighting the efficient microbicidal effect of nanoparticles against antibiotic-resistant pathogens and biofilms. Conventional antibiotics are becoming ineffective towards microorganisms due to their widespread and often inappropriate use. As a result, the development of antibiotic resistance in microorganisms is increasingly being reported. New approaches are needed to confront the rising issues related to infectious diseases. The merging of biomaterials, such as chitosan, carrageenan, gelatin, poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) with nanotechnology provides a promising platform for antimicrobial therapy as it provides a controlled way to target cells and induce the desired response without the adverse effects common to many traditional treatments. Nanoparticles represent one of the most promising therapeutic treatments to the problem caused by infectious micro-organisms resistant to traditional therapies. This volume discusses this promise in detail, and also discusses what challenges the greater use of nanoparticles might pose to medical professionals. The unique physiochemical properties of nanoparticles, combined with their growth inhibitory capacity against microbes has led to the upsurge in the research on nanoparticles as antimicrobials. The importance of bactericidal nanobiomaterials study will likely increase as development of resistant strains of bacteria against most potent antibiotics continues. Shows how nanoantibiotics can be used to more effectively treat disease Discusses the advantages and issues of a variety of different nanoantibiotics, enabling medics to select which best meets their needs Provides a cogent summary of recent developments in this field, allowing readers to quickly familiarize themselves with this topic area

• Author : National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Board on Agriculture,Committee on Drug Use in Food Animals,Panel on Animal Health, Food Safety, and Public Health
• Publisher : National Academies Press
• Release Date : 1999-02-12
• Total pages : 277
• ISBN : 9780309054348
• File Size : 45,5 Mb
• Total Download : 511
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Download The Use of Drugs in Food Animals in PDF, Epub, and Kindle

The use of drugs in food animal production has resulted in benefits throughout the food industry; however, their use has also raised public health safety concerns. The Use of Drugs in Food Animals provides an overview of why and how drugs are used in the major food-producing animal industriesâ€"poultry, dairy, beef, swine, and aquaculture. The volume discusses the prevalence of human pathogens in foods of animal origin. It also addresses the transfer of resistance in animal microbes to human pathogens and the resulting risk of human disease. The committee offers analysis and insight into these areas: Monitoring of drug residues. The book provides a brief overview of how the FDA and USDA monitor drug residues in foods of animal origin and describes quality assurance programs initiated by the poultry, dairy, beef, and swine industries. Antibiotic resistance. The committee reports what is known about this controversial problem and its potential effect on human health. The volume also looks at how drug use may be minimized with new approaches in genetics, nutrition, and animal management.

• Author : Uwe Frank,Evelina Tacconelli
• Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
• Release Date : 2009-07-31
• Total pages : 288
• ISBN : 9783540483489
• File Size : 18,7 Mb
• Total Download : 127
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Download The Daschner Guide to In-Hospital Antibiotic Therapy in PDF, Epub, and Kindle

It fits in every jacket pocket and provides a quick reference guide for all clinically active physicians in hospitals or doctor’s practices. With the nearly unmanageable number of antibiotics an up-to-date, clear-cut presentation is essential. In clear tables – sorted by substances, pathogens and indications – spectra and recommendations for dosages can be easily looked up. Special problems such as the use of antibiotics during pregnancy, in perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis, and for renal and hepatic insufficiency are also included. A guide for your daily work: handy, concise, and clear. Adjusted to European standards: Up-to-date substances, authorizations, resistances and trade names. The first guide to antibiotic therapy for Europe!

• Author : The Expert Panel on the Potential Socio-Economic Impacts of Antimicrobial Resistance in Canada
• Publisher : Council of Canadian Academies
• Release Date : 2019-11-12
• Total pages : 268
• ISBN : 9781926522753
• File Size : 27,8 Mb
• Total Download : 179
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Download When Antibiotics Fail in PDF, Epub, and Kindle

When Antibiotics Fail examines the current impacts of AMR on our healthcare system, projects the future impact on Canada’s GDP, and looks at how widespread resistance will influence the day-to-day lives of Canadians. The report examines these issues through a One Health lens, recognizing the interconnected nature of AMR, from healthcare settings to the environment to the agriculture sector. It is the most comprehensive report to date on the economic impact of AMR in Canada.

• Author : M. Woodbine
• Publisher : Butterworth-Heinemann
• Release Date : 2016-04-19
• Total pages : 396
• ISBN : 9781483162034
• File Size : 12,5 Mb
• Total Download : 731
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Download Antibiotics and Antibiosis in Agriculture in PDF, Epub, and Kindle

Antibiotics and Antibiosis in Agriculture: With Special Reference to Synergism is a collection of papers dealing with the properties of penicillins, cephalosporins, sulfonamides, as well as the synergistic combinations of these and other antibacterial substances. One paper discusses issues regarding antibiotics such as the sufficiency of supply, the need for more and new antibiotics, and the period of obsolescence of antibiotics. Another paper explains the use of pairs of agents as synergic combinations, for example, novobiocin and tetracycline combined together as albamacyn T. Synergy types in chemotherapy includes those used in antibacterial, penetration, and internal synergies; the paper also notes that possible complications can arise from antibiotic interactions of drug synergies. Some papers discuss applications of antibiotics, antibiosis, stress effects, and food microbiology. These applications include the use of nisin, an antibiotic, as an aid in heat preservation of food. The use of starvation as a stress mechanism in a culture of Enterobacter aerogenes to accelerate exhaustion of glycerol, which the microorganisms need, lead to glycerol-deficiency related deaths. Other papers discuss the relationships of antibiotics and antibiosis to animals and animal feeds. This collection will benefit pharmacologists, bio-chemists, agriculturists, chemotherapists, veterinarians, and medical practitioners.

• Author : World Health Organization
• Publisher : World Health Organization
• Release Date : 2017-11-10
• Total pages : 0
• ISBN : 9241550139
• File Size : 23,8 Mb
• Total Download : 149
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Download WHO guidelines on use of medically important antimicrobials in food-producing animals in PDF, Epub, and Kindle

WHO has launched new guidelines on use of medically important antimicrobials in food-producing animals, recommending that farmers and the food industry stop using antibiotics routinely to promote growth and prevent disease in healthy animals. These guidelines aim to help preserve the effectiveness of antibiotics that are important for human medicine by reducing their use in animals.

• Author : Estée Török,Fiona J. Cooke,Ed Moran
• Publisher : Oxford University Press
• Release Date : 2017
• Total pages : 914
• ISBN : 9780199671328
• File Size : 11,6 Mb
• Total Download : 371
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Download Oxford Handbook of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology in PDF, Epub, and Kindle

This handbook takes an integrated approach to both infectious disease and microbiology. Referenced to national frameworks and current legislation, it covers basic principles of bacteriology and virology, specific information on diseases and conditions, and material on 'hot topics' such as bioterrorism and preventative medicine.

• Author : Mark Williams
• Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
• Release Date : 2007
• Total pages : 1070
• ISBN : 9781416002239
• File Size : 18,6 Mb
• Total Download : 595
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Download Comprehensive Hospital Medicine in PDF, Epub, and Kindle

This new title is the first clinical reference to address hospital-based medicine in a comprehensive, practical manner. Nationally recognized experts equip readers with actionable guidance on key areas such as evidence-based practice, clinical care delivery, peri-operative care, and managing hospital and program systems issues, making it easier than ever for providers to offer optimal care to every hospitalized patient.

• Author : Ali Asghar Rastegari,Ajar Nath Yadav,Neelam Yadav
• Publisher : Elsevier
• Release Date : 2020-05-15
• Total pages : 312
• ISBN : 9780128205297
• File Size : 21,7 Mb
• Total Download : 996
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Download New and Future Developments in Microbial Biotechnology and Bioengineering in PDF, Epub, and Kindle

New and Future Developments in Microbial Biotechnology and Bioengineering: Trends of Microbial Biotechnology for Sustainable Agriculture and Biomedicine Systems: Perspectives for Human Health discusses how microbial biotechnology helps us understand new strategies to reduce pathogens and drug resistance through microbial biotechnology. The most commonly used probiotic bacteria are Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. Therefore, the probiotic strains exhibit powerful anti-inflammatory, antiallergic and other important properties. This new book provides an indispensable reference source for engineers/bioengineers, biochemists, biotechnologists, microbiologists, pharmacologists, and researchers who want to know about the unique properties of this microbe and explore its sustainable biomedicine future applications. Introduces the principles of microbial biotechnology and its application for sustainable biomedicine system Explores various microbes and their beneficial application for biofortification of crops for micronutrients Explains the potentials and significance of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics in health and disease Includes current applications of beneficial microbes as Functional Food Products of Pharmaceutical Importance

• Author : Robert A. Britton,Patrice D. Cani
• Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
• Release Date : 2020-07-02
• Total pages : 514
• ISBN : 9781555819705
• File Size : 18,8 Mb
• Total Download : 911
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Download Bugs as Drugs in PDF, Epub, and Kindle

Examining the enormous potential of microbiome manipulation to improve health Associations between the composition of the intestinal microbiome and many human diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, cardiovascular disease, metabolic disorders, and cancer, have been elegantly described in the past decade. Now, whole-genome sequencing, bioinformatics, and precision gene-editing techniques are being combined with centuries-old therapies, such as fecal microbiota transplantation, to translate current research into new diagnostics and therapeutics to treat complex diseases. Bugs as Drugs provides a much-needed overview of microbes in therapies and will serve as an excellent resource for scientists and clinicians as they carry out research and clinical studies on investigating the roles the microbiota plays in health and disease. In Bugs as Drugs, editors Robert A. Britton and Patrice D. Cani have assembled a fascinating collection of reviews that chart the history, current efforts, and future prospects of using microorganisms to fight disease and improve health. Sections cover traditional uses of probiotics, next-generation microbial therapeutics, controlling infectious diseases, and indirect strategies for manipulating the host microbiome. Topics presented include: How well-established probiotics support and improve host health by improving the composition of the intestinal microbiota of the host and by modulating the host immune response. The use of gene editing and recombinant DNA techniques to create tailored probiotics and to characterize next-generation beneficial microbes. For example, engineering that improves the anti-inflammatory profile of probiotics can reduce the number of colonic polyps formed, and lactobacilli can be transformed into targeted delivery systems carrying therapeutic proteins or bioengineered bacteriophage. The association of specific microbiota composition with colorectal cancer, liver diseases, osteoporosis, and inflammatory bowel disease. The gut microbiota has been proposed to serve as an organ involved in regulation of inflammation, immune function, and energy homeostasis. Fecal microbiota transplantation as a promising treatment for numerous diseases beyond C. difficile infection. Practical considerations for using fecal microbiota transplantation are provided, while it is acknowledged that more high-quality evidence is needed to ascertain the importance of strain specificity in positive treatment outcomes. Because systems biology approaches and synthetic engineering of microbes are now high-throughput and cost-effective, a much wider range of therapeutic possibilities can be explored and vetted.

• Author : Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC
• Publisher : Oxford University Press
• Release Date : 2017-04-17
• Total pages : 672
• ISBN : 9780190628635
• File Size : 52,7 Mb
• Total Download : 440
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Download CDC Yellow Book 2018: Health Information for International Travel in PDF, Epub, and Kindle

THE ESSENTIAL WORK IN TRAVEL MEDICINE -- NOW COMPLETELY UPDATED FOR 2018 As unprecedented numbers of travelers cross international borders each day, the need for up-to-date, practical information about the health challenges posed by travel has never been greater. For both international travelers and the health professionals who care for them, the CDC Yellow Book 2018: Health Information for International Travel is the definitive guide to staying safe and healthy anywhere in the world. The fully revised and updated 2018 edition codifies the U.S. government's most current health guidelines and information for international travelers, including pretravel vaccine recommendations, destination-specific health advice, and easy-to-reference maps, tables, and charts. The 2018 Yellow Book also addresses the needs of specific types of travelers, with dedicated sections on: · Precautions for pregnant travelers, immunocompromised travelers, and travelers with disabilities · Special considerations for newly arrived adoptees, immigrants, and refugees · Practical tips for last-minute or resource-limited travelers · Advice for air crews, humanitarian workers, missionaries, and others who provide care and support overseas Authored by a team of the world's most esteemed travel medicine experts, the Yellow Book is an essential resource for travelers -- and the clinicians overseeing their care -- at home and abroad.

• Author : World Health Organization
• Publisher : Unknown
• Release Date : 2014
• Total pages : 232
• ISBN : 9241564741
• File Size : 36,5 Mb
• Total Download : 726
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Download Antimicrobial Resistance in PDF, Epub, and Kindle

Summary report published as technical document with reference number: WHO/HSE/PED/AIP/2014.2.

• Author : Richard Schwalbe,Lynn Steele-Moore,Avery C. Goodwin
• Publisher : CRC Press
• Release Date : 2007-05-22
• Total pages : 432
• ISBN : 1420014498
• File Size : 13,8 Mb
• Total Download : 411
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Download Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Protocols in PDF, Epub, and Kindle

The clinical microbiology laboratory is often a sentinel for the detection of drug resistant strains of microorganisms. Standardized protocols require continual scrutiny to detect emerging phenotypic resistance patterns. The timely notification of clinicians with susceptibility results can initiate the alteration of antimicrobial chemotherapy and improve patient care. It is vital that microbiology laboratories stay current with standard and emerging methods and have a solid understanding of their function in the war on infectious diseases. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Protocols clearly defines the role of the clinical microbiology laboratory in integrated patient care and provides a comprehensive, up-to-date procedural manual that can be used by a wide variety of laboratorians. The authors provide a comprehensive, up-to-date procedural manual including protocols for bioassay methods and molecular methods for bacterial strain typing. Divided into three sections, the text begins by introducing basic susceptibility disciplines including disk diffusion, macro and microbroth dilution, agar dilution, and the gradient method. It covers step-by-step protocols with an emphasis on optimizing the detection of resistant microorganisms. The second section describes specialized susceptibility protocols such as surveillance procedures for detection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, serum bactericidal assays, time-kill curves, population analysis, and synergy testing. The final section is designed to be used as a reference resource. Chapters cover antibiotic development; design and use of an antibiogram; and the interactions of the clinical microbiology laboratory with the hospital pharmacy, and infectious disease and control. Unique in its scope, Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Protocols gives laboratory personnel an integrated resource for updated lab-based techniques and charts within the contextual role of clinical microbiology in modern medicine.

• Author : Jean-Louis Vincent,Edward Abraham,Patrick Kochanek,Frederick A. Moore,Mitchell P. Fink
• Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
• Release Date : 2016-11-27
• Total pages : 1400
• ISBN : 9780323461061
• File Size : 47,5 Mb
• Total Download : 380
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Download Textbook of Critical Care E-Book in PDF, Epub, and Kindle

Comprehensive, concise, and readable, Textbook of Critical Care, 7th Edition, brings you fully up to date with the effective management of critically ill patients, providing the evidence-based guidance you need to overcome a full range of practice challenges. Drs. Jean-Louis Vincent, Edward Abraham, Frederick A. Moore, Patrick Kochanek, and Mitchell P. Fink are joined by other international experts who offer a multidisciplinary approach to critical care, sharing expertise in anesthesia, surgery, pulmonary medicine, and pediatrics. This highly acclaimed text offers ICU clinicians a new understanding of the pathophysiology of critical illness and new therapeutic approaches to critical care. Consult this title on your favorite e-reader, conduct rapid searches, and adjust font sizes for optimal readability. Features a wealth of tables, boxes, algorithms, diagnostic images, and key points that clarify important concepts and streamline complex information for quick reference. coagulation, , telemedicine, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), and more. Offers new coverage of biomarkers, bedside ultrasound, and the management of increasingly complex critically ill patients. Provides new approaches to sepsis, acute kidney injury, and management of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and other forms of respiratory failure.

• Author : A. Victor Hoffbrand,Douglas R. Higgs,David M. Keeling,Atul B. Mehta
• Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
• Release Date : 2015-10-28
• Total pages : 952
• ISBN : 9781118854471
• File Size : 15,6 Mb
• Total Download : 440
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Download Postgraduate Haematology in PDF, Epub, and Kindle

Highly Commended at the British Medical Association Book Awards 2016 Postgraduate Haematology provides up-to-date knowledge of the pathogenesis, clinical and laboratory features, management and treatment of a wide range of blood and bone marrow disorders in a concise and user friendly style. Up-to-date knowledge of the pathogenesis, clinical and laboratory features and management of all blood disorders New sections reflect advances in the specialty, including knowledge gained from new generation sequencing, latest anticoagulant drugs, diagnostic laboratory tools, and treatment strategies Superb four-color illustrations and photomicrographs of blood cells and tissues throughout Includes algorithms to aid with decision-making for treatment Companion website includes figures and tables for download

• Author : Mahendra Rai,Kateryna Kon
• Publisher : Academic Press
• Release Date : 2015-05-23
• Total pages : 344
• ISBN : 9780128014714
• File Size : 52,6 Mb
• Total Download : 440
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Download Nanotechnology in Diagnosis, Treatment and Prophylaxis of Infectious Diseases in PDF, Epub, and Kindle

Nanotechnology in Diagnosis, Treatment and Prophylaxis of Infectious Diseases delivers comprehensive coverage of the application of nanotechnology to pressing problems in infectious disease. This text equips readers with cutting-edge knowledge of promising developments and future prospects in nanotechnology, paying special attention to microbes that are now resistant to conventional antibiotics, a concerning problem in modern medicine. Readers will find a thorough discussion of this new approach to infectious disease treatment, including the reasons nanotechnology presents a promising avenue for the diagnosis, treatment, and prophylaxis of infectious diseases. Provides a comprehensive overview of the use of nanotechnology in the treatment and diagnosis of infectious diseases Covers all common types of infective agents, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa, along with their vectors, ticks, mosquitoes, flies, etc. Delivers commentary from an international researcher base, providing insights across differing economic statuses Includes a foundation of basic nanotechnological concepts to aid in designing new strategies to combat several pathogenic diseases and cancer Illustrates the high antimicrobial potential of nanoparticles, ultimately demonstrating how they are a promising alternative class that can be successfully used in fighting a myriad of infections

• Author : Sebastian Amyes
• Publisher : Oxford University Press
• Release Date : 2010-02-25
• Total pages : 93
• ISBN : 9780199581368
• File Size : 38,9 Mb
• Total Download : 544
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Download Antibacterial Chemotherapy in PDF, Epub, and Kindle

Part of the Oxford Infectious Disease Library, this pocketbook is designed to help medical trainees, general prescribers, healthcare workers and students to understand how antibiotics work, to demonstrate where they might be most appropriate, and to make clear the threat of antibiotic resistance.

• Author : Scott H. Podolsky
• Publisher : JHU Press
• Release Date : 2015-01-15
• Total pages : 324
• ISBN : 9781421415949
• File Size : 33,5 Mb
• Total Download : 409
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Download The Antibiotic Era in PDF, Epub, and Kindle

A compelling analysis of nearly seven decades of antibiotic reform, framing our current efforts to stave off a post-antibiotic era. Winner of the CHOICE Outstanding Academic Title of the Choice ACRL In The Antibiotic Era, physician-historian Scott H. Podolsky narrates the far-reaching history of antibiotics, focusing particularly on reform efforts that attempted to fundamentally change how antibiotics are developed and prescribed. This sweeping chronicle reveals the struggles faced by crusading reformers from the 1940s onward as they advocated for a rational therapeutics at the crowded intersection of bugs and drugs, patients and doctors, industry and medical academia, and government and the media. During the post–World War II “wonder drug” revolution, antibiotics were viewed as a panacea for mastering infectious disease. But from the beginning, critics raised concerns about irrational usage and overprescription. The first generation of antibiotic reformers focused on regulating the drug industry. The reforms they set in motion included the adoption of controlled clinical trials as the ultimate arbiters of therapeutic efficacy, the passage of the Kefauver-Harris amendments mandating proof of drug efficacy via well-controlled studies, and the empowering of the Food and Drug Administration to remove inefficacious drugs from the market. Despite such victories, no entity was empowered to rein in physicians who inappropriately prescribed, or overly prescribed, approved drugs. Now, in an era of emerging bugs and receding drugs, discussions of antibiotic resistance focus on the need to develop novel antibiotics and the need for more appropriate prescription practices in the face of pharmaceutical marketing, pressure from patients, and the structural constraints that impede rational delivery of antibiotics worldwide. Concerns about the enduring utility of antibiotics—indeed, about a post-antibiotic era—are widespread, as evidenced by reports from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, academia, and popular media alike. Only by understanding the historical forces that have shaped our current situation, Podolsky argues, can we properly understand and frame our choices moving forward.